Publications

Categories with publications in order of publication date

FIRST PAGE

•Sedation & delirium
•Mechanical ventilation & weaning
•Early Mobilization/Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy

•ICUAW - ICU acquired weakness
•Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
•Dysphagia & Nutrition
•Team work
•Environment and equipment
•Patient Outcomes
•Patients Experiences
•Relatives and families

Last update of this website: April 14th, 2018. The complete publication list can be downloaded List of Current Literature-2017-09-07.pdf (last update of pdf: September, 7th, 2017).

Sedation and Delirium

Research studies

Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O’Connor MF, Hall JB: Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1471-1477. free full text

Ely, E.W., et al., Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA, 2001. 286(21): p. 2703-10. free full text

Ely, E.W., et al., Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). JAMA, 2003. 289(22): p. 2983-91. free full text

Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Truman B, Dittus R, Speroff T, Gautam S, Bernard GR, Inouye SK. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1370-9

Kress JP, Gehlbach B, Pliskin MLN, Pohlman AS, Hall J: The long-term psychologicaleffects of daily sedative interruption on critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 Vol 168. pp 1457–1461 free full text

Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Harrell FE Jr, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Dittus RS. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 2004 Apr 14;291(14):1753-62. free full text

McNicoll L, Pisani MA, Zhang Y, Ely EW, Siegel MD, Inouye SK. Delirium in the intensive care unit: occurrence and clinical course in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 May;51(5):591-8

Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, Pun BT, Wilkinson GR, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology. 2006 Jan;104(1):21-6

Peterson JF, Pun BT, Dittus RS, Thomason JW, Jackson JC, Shintani AK, Ely EW. Delirium and its motoric subtypes: a study of 614 critically ill patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Mar;54(3):479-84

Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, Maze M, Girard TD, Miller RR, Shintani AK, Thompson JL, Jackson JC, Deppen SA, Stiles RA, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Dec 12;298(22):2644-53

Girard TD,Kress JP, Fuchs BD: Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (a wakening and breathing controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008 371:126–134.

Robinson BR, Mueller EW, Henson K et al. An analgesia-delirium-sedation protocol for critically ill trauma patients reduces ventilator days and hospital length of stay. J Trauma 2008; 65: 517–526

Pisani MA, Kong SY, Kasl SV, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, Van Ness PH. Days of delirium are associated with 1-year mortality in an older intensive care unit population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1092-7. free full text

Strøm T, Martinussen T, Toft P. A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):475-80.

Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP et al. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairments in survivors of critical illness. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:1513-1520

Jackson JC, Girard TD, Gordon SM et al. Long-term cognitive and psychological outcomes in the Awakening and Breathing controlled Trial. AJRCCM 2010; 182:183-191

Skrobik Y, Ahern S, Leblanc M et al. Protocolized intensive care unit management of analgesia, sedation, and delirium improves analgesia and subsyndromal delirium rates. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 451–463

Hager DN, Dinglas VD, Subhas S, Rowden AM, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Touradji P, Colantuoni E, Reddy DRS, Brower RG, Needham DM. Reducing deep sedation and delirium in acute lung injury patients: a quality improvement project. Critical Care Medicine. 2013 41(6):1435-42.

Kamdar BB, King LM, Collop NA, Sakamuri S, Colantuoni E, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Touradji P, Brower RG, Needham DM. The effect of a quality improvement intervention on perceived sleep quality and cognition in a medical ICU. Crit Care Med. 2013 Mar;41(3):800-9

Law TJ, Leistikow NA, Hoofring L, Krumm SK, Neufeld KJ, Needham DM. A survey of nurses' perceptions of the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. Dynamics. 2012 Winter;23(4):18-24.

Kamdar BB, Yang J, King LM, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Brower RG, Collop NA, Needham DM. Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Multifaceted Quality Improvement Intervention to Promote Sleep in an ICU. Am J Med Qual. 2013 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print]

Shehabi Y, Chan L, Kadiman S, Alias A, Ismail WN, Tan MA, Khoo TM, Ali SB, Saman MA, Shaltut A, Tan CC, Yong CY, Bailey M, Sedation Practice in Intensive Care Evaluation (SPICE) Study Group investigators. Sedation depth and long-term mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2013 May;39(5):910-8

Page VJ, Ely EW, Gates S, Zhao XB, Alce T, Shintani A, Jackson J, Perkins GD, McAuley DF. Effect of intravenous haloperidol on the duration of delirium and coma in critically ill patients (Hope-ICU): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Sep;1(7):515-23

Carrothers KM, Barr J, Spurlock B, Ridgely MS, Damberg CL, Ely EW. Contextual issues influencing implementation and outcomes associated with an integrated approach to managing pain, agitation, and delirium in adult ICUs. Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep;41(9 Suppl 1):S128-35

Wilcox ME, Brummel NE, Archer K, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Hopkins RO. Cognitive dysfunction in ICU patients: risk factors, predictors, and rehabilitation interventions. Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep;41(9 Suppl 1):S81-98

Balas MC, Vasilevskis EE, Olsen KM, Schmid KK, Shostrom V, Cohen MZ, Peitz G, Gannon DE, Sisson J, Sullivan J, Stothert JC, Lazure J, Nuss SL, Jawa RS, Freihaut F, Ely EW, Burke WJ. Effectiveness and safety of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring/management, and early exercise/mobility bundle. Crit Care Med. 2014 May;42(5):1024-36.

Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Dittus RS, Gill TM, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2014 Feb;42(2):369-77.

Bryczkowski SB, Lopreiato MC, Yonclas PP, Sacca JJ, Mosenthal AC. Delirium prevention program in the surgical intensive care unit improved the outcomes of older adults. J Surg Res. 2014 Jul;190(1):280-8.

Patel J, Baldwin J, Bunting P, Laha S. The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients. Anaesthesia. 2014 Jun;69(6):540-9.

Kamdar BB, Kamdar BB, Needham DM. Bundling sleep promotion with delirium prevention: ready for prime time? Anaesthesia. 2014 Jun;69(6):527-31.

Kamdar BB, Niessen T, Colantuoni E, King LM, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Collop NA, Needham DM. Delirium Transitions in the Medical ICU: Exploring the Role of Sleep Quality and Other Factors. Crit Care Med. 2014 Sep 16.

O'Regan NA1, Ryan DJ, Boland E, Connolly W, McGlade C, Leonard M, Clare J, Eustace JA, Meagher D, Timmons S. Attention! A good bedside test for delirium? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;85(10):1122-31.

Schreiber MP, Colantuoni E, Bienvenu OJ, Neufeld KJ, Chen KF, Shanholtz C, Mendez-Tellez PA, Needham DM. Corticosteroids and transition to delirium in patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1480-6

Wunsch H, Christiansen CF, Johansen MB, Olsen M, Ali N, Angus DC, Sørensen HT. Psychiatric diagnoses and psychoactive medication use among nonsurgical critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. JAMA. 2014 Mar 19;311(11):1133-42

Adams CL, Scruth EA, Andrade C, Maynard S, Snow K, Olson TL, Ingerson SD, Duffy BA, Cheng E. Implementing clinical practice guidelines for screening and detection of delirium in a 21-hospital system in northern california: real challenges in performance improvement. Clin Nurse Spec. 2015 Jan-Feb;29(1):29-37.

Brown CH 4th, Dowdy D. Risk factors for delirium: are systematic reviews enough?*. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan;43(1):232-3.

Drews T, Franck M, Radtke FM, Weiss B, Krampe H, Brockhaus WR, Winterer G, Spies CD. Postoperative delirium is an independent risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder in the elderly patient: a prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Mar;32(3):147-51.

Kram BL, Kram SJ, Brooks KR. Implications of atypical antipsychotic prescribing in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2015 Aug;30(4):814-8.

Balzer F, Weiß B, Kumpf O, Treskatsch S, Spies C, Wernecke KD, Krannich A, Kastrup M. Early deep sedation is associated with decreased in-hospital and two-year follow-up survival. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 28;19:197.

Neufeld KJ, Leoutsakos JM, Oh E, Sieber FE, Chandra A, Ghosh A, Schretlen DJ, Needham DM. Long-Term Outcomes of Older Adults with and Without Delirium Immediately After Recovery from General Anesthesia for Surgery. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015 Mar 27.

Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Hazelbag M, Klein Klouwenberg PM, van der Kooi AW, Ong DS, Cremer OL, Groenwold RH, Slooter AJ. Benzodiazepine-associated delirium in critically ill adults. Intensive Care Med. 2015 Sep 24

Gleason LJ, Schmitt EM, Kosar CM, Tabloski P, Saczynski JS, Robinson T, Cooper Z, Rogers SO Jr, Jones RN, Marcantonio ER, Inouye SK. Effect of Delirium and Other Major Complications on Outcomes After Elective Surgery in Older Adults. JAMA Surg. 2015 Sep 9:1-7.

Smulter N, Lingehall HC, Gustafson Y, Olofsson B, Engström KG. Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method in Detecting Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Am J Crit Care. 2015 Nov;24(6):480-7.

Card E, Pandharipande P, Tomes C, Lee C, Wood J, Nelson D, Graves A, Shintani A, Ely EW, Hughes C. Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Sep;115(3):411-7.

Wilson JE, Brummel NE, Stollings JL. Benzodiazepine-associated delirium dosing strategy or cumulative dose? Intensive Care Med. 2015 Oct 22.

Helle Svenningsen, Ingrid Egerod, Doris Christensen, Else Kirstine Tønnesen, Morten Frydenberg, Poul Videbech Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress after Intensive Care Delirium. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 876947.

Terry KJ, Anger KE, Szumita PM. Prospective evaluation of inappropriate unable-to-assess CAM-ICU documentations of critically ill adult patients. J Intensive Care. 2015 Nov 26;3:52.

Bullock et al. Delirium in critically ill military patients following trauma: A cohort analysis. Journal of the Intensive Care Society 2015 Oct

Al-Qadheeb NS, Skrobik Y, Schumaker G, Pacheco MN, Roberts RJ, Ruthazer RR, Devlin JW. Preventing ICU Subsyndromal Delirium Conversion to Delirium With Low-Dose IV Haloperidol: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Crit Care Med. 2015 Nov 4

Rivosecchi RM, Kane-Gill SL, Svec S, Campbell S, Smithburger PL. The implementation of a nonpharmacologic protocol to prevent intensive care delirium. J Crit Care. 2015 Oct 17

Moon KJ, Lee SM. The effects of a tailored intensive care unit delirium prevention protocol: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015 Sep;52(9):1423-32.

Frenette AJ, Bebawi ER, Deslauriers LC, Tessier AA, Perreault MM, Delisle MS, Bertrand JC, Desjardins M, Rico P, Khwaja K, Burry LD, Bernard F, Williamson DR. Validation and comparison of CAM-ICU and ICDSC in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jan;42(1):122-3

Laerkner E, Stroem T, Toft P. No-sedation during mechanical ventilation: impact on patient's consciousness, nursing workload and costs. Nurs Crit Care. 2016 Jan;21(1):28-35.

Needham DM, Colantuoni E, Dinglas VD, Hough CL, Wozniak AW, Jackson JC, Morris PE, Mendez-Tellez PA, Ely EW, Hopkins RO. Rosuvastatin versus placebo for delirium in intensive care and subsequent cognitive impairment in patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: an ancillary study to a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Jan 28.

Nishimura K, Yokoyama K, Yamauchi N, Koizumi M, Harasawa N, Yasuda T, Mimura C, Igita H, Suzuki E, Uchiide Y, Seino Y, Nomura M, Yamazaki K, Ishigooka J; TMAD investigators. Sensitivity and specificity of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) for detecting post-cardiac surgery delirium: A single-center study in Japan. Heart Lung. 2016 Jan-Feb;45(1):15-20.

Boesen HC, Andersen JH, Bendtsen AO, Jennum PJ. Sleep and delirium in unsedated patients in the intensive care unit. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016 Jan;60(1):59-68.

Vet NJ, de Wildt SN, Verlaat CW, Knibbe CA, Mooij MG, van Woensel JB, van Rosmalen J, Tibboel D, de Hoog M. A randomized controlled trial of daily sedation interruption in critically ill children. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Feb;42(2):233-44

Djaiani G, Silverton N, Fedorko L, Carroll J, Styra R, Rao V, Katznelson R. Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol Sedation Reduces Delirium after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2016 Feb;124(2):362-8

Karadas C, Ozdemir L. The effect of range of motion exercises on delirium prevention among patients aged 65 and over in intensive care units. Geriatr Nurs. 2016 Jan 4. pii: S0197-4572(15)00430-9.

DiLibero J, O'Donoghue SC, DeSanto-Madeya S, Felix J, Ninobla A, Woods A. An Innovative Approach to Improving the Accuracy of Delirium Assessments Using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2016 Mar-Apr;35(2):74-80

Scales DC, Fischer HD, Li P, Bierman AS, Fernandes O, Mamdani M, Rochon P, Urbach DR, Bell CM. Unintentional Continuation of Medications Intended for Acute Illness After Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Feb;31(2):196-202.

Reade MC, Eastwood GM, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Bersten A, Cheung B, Davies A, Delaney A, Ghosh A, van Haren F, Harley N, Knight D, McGuiness S, Mulder J, O'Donoghue S, Simpson N, Young P; DahLIA Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Effect of Dexmedetomidine Added to Standard Care on Ventilator-Free Time in Patients With Agitated Delirium: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016 Mar 15.

Jeffs KJ, Berlowitz DJ, Grant S, Lawlor V, Graco M, de Morton NA, Savige JA, Lim WK. An enhanced exercise and cognitive programme does not appear to reduce incident delirium in hospitalised patients: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2013 Jun 20;3(6).

Mailhot, Tanya et al. Cerebral oximetry as a biomarker of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients. Journal of Critical Care , Volume 34 , 17 - 23

Marshall J, Herzig SJ, Howell MD, Le SH, Mathew C, Kats JS, Stevens JP. Antipsychotic utilization in the intensive care unit and in transitions of care. J Crit Care. 2016 Jun;33:119-24.

Trogrlić Z, Ista E, Ponssen HH, Schoonderbeek JF, Schreiner F, Verbrugge SJ, Dijkstra A, Bakker J, van der Jagt M. Attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning delirium: a survey among intensive care unit professionals. Nurs Crit Care. 2016 Mar 20.

Mehta S, Meade M, Burry L, Mallick R, Katsios C, Fergusson D, Dodek P, Burns K, Herridge M, Devlin JW, Tanios M, Fowler R, Jacka M, Skrobik Y, Olafson K, Cook D; SLEAP Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Variation in diurnal sedation in mechanically ventilated patients who are managed with a sedation protocol alone or a sedation protocol and daily interruption. Crit Care. 2016 Aug 1;20(1):233.

Manojlovich M, Ratz D, Miller MA, Krein SL. Use of Daily Interruption of Sedation and Early Mobility in US Hospitals. J Nurs Care Qual. 2016 Aug 1

Evaluation of delirium screening tools in geriatric medical inpatients: a diagnostic test accuracy study.

Hendry K, Quinn TJ, Evans J, Scortichini V, Miller H, Burns J, Cunnington A, Stott DJ.

Age Ageing. 2016 Aug 8

Jeon K, Jeong BH, Ko MG, Nam J, Yoo H, Chung CR, Suh GY. Impact of delirium on weaning from mechanical ventilation in medical patients. Respirology. 2016 Feb;21(2):313-20

Flurie RW, Gonzales JP, Tata AL, Millstein LS, Gulati M. Hospital delirium treatment: Continuation of antipsychotic therapy from the intensive care unit to discharge. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2015 Dec 1;72(23 Suppl 3):S133-9.

Hazelbag CM, Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Gatto NM, Hoes AW, Slooter AJ, Groenwold RH. An Application of Inverse Probability Weighting Estimation of Marginal Structural Models of a Continuous Exposure: Benzodiazepines and Delirium. Epidemiology. 2015 Sep;26(5):e52-3

Faust AC, Rajan P, Sheperd LA, Alvarez CA, McCorstin P, Doebele RL. Impact of an Analgesia-Based Sedation Protocol on Mechanically Ventilated Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Anesth Analg. 2016 Oct;123(4):903-9.

Oh SH, Park EJ, Jin Y, Piao J, Lee SM. Automatic delirium prediction system in a Korean surgical intensive care unit. Nurs Crit Care. 2014 Nov;19(6):281-91.

Karnatovskaia LV, Johnson MM, Dockter TJ, Gajic O. Perspectives of physicians and nurses on identifying and treating psychological distress of the critically ill. J Crit Care. 2016 Sep 14;37:106-111.

Mohammadi M, Ahmadi M, Khalili H, Cheraghchi H, Arbabi M. Cyproheptadine for the Prevention of Postoperative Delirium: A Pilot Study. Ann Pharmacother. 2016 Mar;50(3):180-7.

Tieges Z, Stíobhairt A, Scott K, Suchorab K, Weir A, Parks S, Shenkin S, MacLullich A. Development of a smartphone application for the objective detection of attentional deficits in delirium. Int Psychogeriatr. 2015 Aug;27(8):1251-62.

Duprey MS, Al-Qadheeb N, Roberts R, Skrobik Y, Schumaker G, Devlin JW. The use of low-dose IV haloperidol is not associated with QTc prolongation: post hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Nov;42(11):1818-1819. Epub 2016 Sep 16.

Tomichek JE, Stollings JL, Pandharipande PP, Chandrasekhar R, Ely EW, Girard TD. Antipsychotic prescribing patterns during and after critical illness: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2016 Nov 24;20(1):378.

Agar MR, Lawlor PG, Quinn S, Draper B, Caplan GA, Rowett D, Sanderson C, Hardy J, Le B, Eckermann S, McCaffrey N, Devilee L, Fazekas B, Hill M, Currow DC. Efficacy of Oral Risperidone, Haloperidol, or Placebo for Symptoms of Delirium Among Patients in Palliative Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Dec 5.

Álvarez EA, Garrido MA, Tobar EA, Prieto SA, Vergara SO, Briceño CD, González FJ. Occupational therapy for delirium management in elderly patients without mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit: A pilot randomized clinical trial. J Crit Care. 2016 Sep 10;37:85-90.

Smith CD, Grami P. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Delirium Prevention Bundle in Critically Ill Patients. Am J Crit Care. 2016 Dec;26(1):19-27.

D'Angelo RG, Rincavage M, Tata AL, Millstein LS, Gulati MS, Flurie RW, Gonzales JP. Impact of an Antipsychotic Discontinuation Bundle During Transitions of Care in Critically Ill Patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jan 1

Yamashita K, Takami A, Wakayama S, Makino M, Takeyama Y. Effectiveness of new sedation and rehabilitation methods for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Jan;29(1):138-143.

Martinez FE, Anstey M, Ford A, Roberts B, Hardie M, Palmer R, Choo L, Hillman D, Hensley M, Kelty E, Murray K, Singh B, Wibrow B. Prophylactic Melatonin for Delirium in Intensive Care (Pro-MEDIC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Jan 6;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1751-0.

Khan BA, Perkins AJ, Gao S, Hui SL, Campbell NL, Farber MO, Chlan LL, Boustani MA. The Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU-7 Delirium Severity Scale: A Novel Delirium Severity Instrument for Use in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Mar 3

Traube C, Silver G, Reeder RW, Doyle H, Hegel E, Wolfe HA, Schneller C, Chung MG, Dervan LA, DiGennaro JL, Buttram SD, Kudchadkar SR, Madden K, Hartman ME, deAlmeida ML, Walson K, Ista E, Baarslag MA, Salonia R, Beca J, Long D, Kawai Y, Cheifetz IM, Gelvez J, Truemper EJ, Smith RL, Peters ME, O'Meara AM, Murphy S, Bokhary A, Greenwald BM, Bell MJ. Delirium in Critically Ill Children: An International Point Prevalence Study. Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr;45(4):584-590.

Burry L, Scales D, Williamson D, Foster J, Mehta S, Guenette M, Fan E, Detsky M, Azad A, Bernard F, Rose L. Feasibility of melatonin for prevention of delirium in critically ill patients: a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 30;7(3):e015420.

Deiner S, Luo X, Lin HM, Sessler DI, Saager L, Sieber FE, Lee HB, Sano M; and the Dexlirium Writing Group, Jankowski C, Bergese SD, Candiotti K, Flaherty JH, Arora H, Shander A, Rock P. Intraoperative Infusion of Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Elective Noncardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2017 Jun 7:e171505

Royse CF, Saager L, Whitlock R, Ou-Young J, Royse A, Vincent J, Devereaux PJ, Kurz A, Awais A, Panjasawatwong K, Sessler DI. Impact of Methylprednisolone on Postoperative Quality of Recovery and Delirium in the Steroids in Cardiac Surgery Trial: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Substudy. Anesthesiology. 2017 Feb;126(2):223-233

Avidan MS, Maybrier HR, Abdallah AB, Jacobsohn E, Vlisides PE, Pryor KO, Veselis RA, Grocott HP, Emmert DA, Rogers EM, Downey RJ, Yulico H, Noh GJ, Lee YH, Waszynski CM, Arya VK, Pagel PS, Hudetz JA, Muench MR, Fritz BA, Waberski W, Inouye SK, Mashour GA; PODCAST Research Group. Intraoperative ketamine for prevention of postoperative delirium or pain after major surgery in older adults: an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2017 May 30. pii: S0140-6736(17)31467-8.

Eisenach JC. Ketamine fails to prevent postoperative delirium. Lancet. 2017 May 30

Siew ED, Fissell WH, Tripp CM, Blume JD, Wilson MD, Clark AJ, Vincz AJ, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD. Acute Kidney Injury as a Risk Factor for Delirium and Coma during Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun 15;195(12):1597-1607

Green C, Hendry K, Wilson ES, Walsh T, Allerhand M, MacLullich AMJ, Tieges Z. A Novel Computerized Test for Detecting and Monitoring Visual Attentional Deficits and Delirium in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jul;45(7):1224-1231

Carrasco G, Baeza N, Cabré L, Portillo E, Gimeno G, Manzanedo D, Calizaya M. Dexmedetomidine for the Treatment of Hyperactive Delirium Refractory to Haloperidol in Nonintubated ICU Patients: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jul;44(7):1295-306.

Smith CD, Grami P. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Delirium Prevention Bundle in Critically Ill Patients. Am J Crit Care. 2016 Dec;26(1):19-27.

Mitchell ML, Shum DHK, Mihala G, Murfield JE, Aitken LM. Long-term cognitive impairment and delirium in intensive care: A prospective cohort study. Aust Crit Care. 2017 Jul 20. pii: S1036-7314(17)30034-6.

Rosa RG, Tonietto TF, da Silva DB, Gutierres FA, Ascoli AM, Madeira LC, Rutzen W, Falavigna M, Robinson CC, Salluh JI, Cavalcanti AB, Azevedo LC, Cremonese RV, Haack TR, Eugênio CS, Dornelles A, Bessel M, Teles JMM, Skrobik Y, Teixeira C; ICU Visits Study Group Investigators. Effectiveness and Safety of an Extended ICU Visitation Model for Delirium Prevention: A Before and After Study. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun 30. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002588

Munro CL, Cairns P, Ji M, Calero K, Anderson WM, Liang Z. Delirium prevention in critically ill adults through an automated reorientation intervention - A pilot randomized controlled trial. Heart Lung. 2017 Jul - Aug;46(4):234-238.

Guo Y, Fan Y. A Preoperative, Nurse-Led Intervention Program Reduces Acute Postoperative Delirium. J Neurosci Nurs. 2016 Jul-Aug;48(4):229-35.

Page VJ, Casarin A, Ely EW, Zhao XB, McDowell C, Murphy L, McAuley DF. Evaluation of early administration of simvastatin in the prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MoDUS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Jul 19. pii: S2213-2600(17)30234-5

Gagnon DJ, Riker RR, Glisic EK, Kelner A, Perrey HM, Fraser GL. Transition from dexmedetomidine to enteral clonidine for ICU sedation: an observational pilot study. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Mar;35(3):251-9.

Hollinger A, Ledergerber K, von Felten S, Sutter R, Rüegg S, Gantner L, Zimmermann S, Blum A, Steiner LA, Marsch S, Siegemund M. Comparison of propofol and dexmedetomidine infused overnight to treat hyperactive and mixed ICU delirium: a protocol for the Basel ProDex clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Jul 13;7(7):e015783.

Morandi A, Piva S, Ely EW, Myatra SN, Salluh JIF, Amare D, Azoulay E, Bellelli G, Csomos A, Fan E, Fagoni N, Girard TD, Heras La Calle G, Inoue S, Lim CM, Kaps R, Kotfis K, Koh Y, Misango D, Pandharipande PP, Permpikul C, Cheng Tan C, Wang DX, Sharshar T, Shehabi Y, Skrobik Y, Singh JM, Slooter A, Smith M, Tsuruta R, Latronico N. Worldwide Survey of the "Assessing Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening and Breathing Trials, Choice of Drugs, Delirium Monitoring/Management, Early Exercise/Mobility, and Family Empowerment" (ABCDEF) Bundle. Crit Care Med. 2017 Aug 3. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002640

Burry LD, Williamson DR, Mehta S, Perreault MM, Mantas I, Mallick R, Fergusson DA, Smith O, Fan E, Dupuis S, Herridge M, Rose L. Delirium and exposure to psychoactive medications in critically ill adults: A multi-centre observational study. J Crit Care. 2017 Aug 5;42:268-274.

Angel C, Brooks K, Fourie J. Standardizing Management of Adults with Delirium Hospitalized on Medical-Surgical Units. Perm J. 2016 Fall;20(4):27-32.

Marhong JD, DeBacker J, Viau-Lapointe J, Munshi L, Del Sorbo L, Burry L, Fan E, Mehta S. Sedation and Mobilization during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure: An International Survey. Crit Care Med. 2017 Aug 31. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002702

Chanques G, Conseil M, Roger C, Constantin JM, Prades A, Carr J, Muller L, Jung B, Belafia F, Cissé M, Delay JM, de Jong A, Lefrant JY, Futier E, Mercier G, Molinari N, Jaber S; SOS-Ventilation study investigators. Immediate interruption of sedation compared with usual sedation care in critically ill postoperative patients (SOS-Ventilation): a randomised, parallel-group clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Oct;5(10):795-805.

Lingehall HC, Smulter NS, Lindahl E, Lindkvist M, Engström KG, Gustafson YG, Olofsson B. Preoperative Cognitive Performance and Postoperative Delirium Are Independently Associated With Future Dementia in Older People Who Have Undergone Cardiac Surgery: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Crit Care Med. 2017 Aug;45(8):1295-1303.

Kim SY, Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang HJ, Lee JY, Bae KY, Shin IS, Yoon JS. Perceived Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients Following Recovery From Delirium. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017 Jul;78(7):e744-e749

Barman A, Pradhan D, Bhattacharyya P, Dey S, Bhattacharjee A, Tesia SS, Mitra JK. Diagnostic accuracy of delirium assessment methods in critical care patients. J Crit Care. 2017 Oct 16;44:82-86

Moskowitz EE, Overbey DM, Jones TS, Jones EL, Arcomano TR, Moore JT, Robinson TN. Post-operative delirium is associated with increased 5-year mortality. Am J Surg. 2017 Dec;214(6):1036-1038

Mitchell ML, Kean S, Rattray JE, Hull AM, Davis C, Murfield JE, Aitken LM. A family intervention to reduce delirium in hospitalised ICU patients: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Jun;40:77-84.

Waszynski CM, Milner KA, Staff I, Molony SL. Using simulated family presence to decrease agitation in older hospitalized delirious patients: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Oct 7;77:154-161

Fukata S, Kawabata Y, Fujishiro K, Kitagawa Y, Kuroiwa K, Akiyama H, Takemura M, Ando M, Hattori H. Haloperidol prophylaxis for preventing aggravation of postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, open-label prospective trial. Surg Today. 2017 Jul;47(7):815-826

Rose L, Agar M, Burry LD, Campbell N, Clarke M, Lee J, Siddiqi N, Page VJ; Del-COrS group. Development of core outcome sets for effectiveness trials of interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium (Del-COrS): study protocol. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 18;7(9):e016371

Hatta K, Kishi Y, Wada K, Takeuchi T, Ito S, Kurata A, Murakami K, Sugita M, Usui C, Nakamura H; DELIRIA-J Group. Preventive Effects of Suvorexant on Delirium: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017 Sep/Oct;78(8):e970-e979.

Read MD, Maani CV, Blackwell S. Dexmedetomidine as a Rescue Therapy for Emergence Delirium in Adults: A Case Series. A Case Rep. 2017 Jul 1;9(1):20-23

Wassenaar A, Rood P, Schoonhoven L, Teerenstra S, Zegers M, Pickkers P, van den Boogaard M. The impact of nUrsiNg DEliRium Preventive INnterventions in the Intensive Care Unit (UNDERPIN-ICU): A study protocol for a multi-centre, stepped wedge randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Mar;68:1-8.

Stollings JL, Thompson JL, Ferrell BA, Scheinin M, Wilkinson GR, Hughes CG, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Patel MB. Sedative Plasma Concentrations and Delirium Risk in Critical Illness. Ann Pharmacother. 2018 Jan 1:1060028017753480

Kenes MT, Stollings JL, Wang L, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP. Persistence of Delirium after Cessation of Sedatives and Analgesics and Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Nov;37(11):1357-1365

Brück E, Schandl A, Bottai M, Sackey P. The impact of sepsis, delirium, and psychological distress on self-rated cognitive function in ICU survivors-a prospective cohort study. J Intensive Care. 2018 Jan 8;6:2

Shehabi Y, Bellomo R, Kadiman S, Ti LK, Howe B, Reade MC, Khoo TM, Alias A, Wong YL, Mukhopadhyay A, McArthur C, Seppelt I, Webb SA, Green M, Bailey MJ; Sedation Practice in Intensive Care Evaluation (SPICE) Study Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Sedation Intensity in the First 48 Hours of Mechanical Ventilation and 180-Day Mortality: A Multinational Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 1

van den Boogaard M, Slooter AJC, Brüggemann RJM, Schoonhoven L, Beishuizen A, Vermeijden JW, Pretorius D, de Koning J, Simons KS, Dennesen PJW, Van der Voort PHJ, Houterman S, van der Hoeven JG, Pickkers P; REDUCE Study Investigators. Effect of Haloperidol on Survival Among Critically Ill Adults With a High Risk of Delirium: The REDUCE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Feb 20;319(7):680-690

Skrobik Y, Duprey MS, Hill NS, Devlin JW. Low-dose Nocturnal Dexmedetomidine Prevents ICU Delirium: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 2.

Agus A, Phair G, Page VJ, McAuley DF. Simvastatin for the prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients (MoDUS): a cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 Mar;6(3):e9-e10

Girard TD, Thompson JL, Pandharipande PP, Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Patel MB, Hughes CG, Chandrasekhar R, Pun BT, Boehm LM, Elstad MR, Goodman RB, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW. Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 Mar;6(3):213-222.

Chanques G, Ely EW, Garnier O, Perrigault F, Eloi A, Carr J, Rowan CM, Prades A, de Jong A, Moritz-Gasser S, Molinari N, Jaber S. The 2014 updated version of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit compared to the 5th version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and other current methods used by intensivists. Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Mar 1;8(1):33.

Smith JM, Van Aman MN, Schneiderhahn ME, Edelman R, Ercole PM. Assessment of Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Educational Strategies. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2017 May 1;48(5):239-244.

Hofhuis JGM, Rose L, Blackwood B, Akerman E, McGaughey J, Egerod I, Fossum M, Foss H, Georgiou E, Graff HJ, Kalafati M, Sperlinga R, Berardo A, Schäfer A, Wojnicka AG, Spronk PE. Clinical practices to promote sleep in the ICU: A multinational survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018 Mar 5;81:107-114

Nishikimi M, Numaguchi A, Takahashi K, Miyagawa Y, Matsui K, Higashi M, Makishi G, Matsui S, Matsuda N. Effect of Administration of Ramelteon, a Melatonin Receptor Agonist, on the Duration of Stay in the ICU: A Single-Center Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 27

Sullinger D, Gilmer A, Jurado L, Zimmerman LH, Steelman J, Gallagher A, Dupre T, Acquista E. Development, Implementation, and Outcomes of a Delirium Protocol in the Surgical Trauma Intensive Care Unit. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Jan;51(1):5-12

Boettger S, Garcia Nuñez D, Meyer R, Richter A, Rudiger A, Schubert M, Jenewein J. Screening for delirium with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC): a re-evaluation of the threshold for delirium. Swiss Med Wkly. 2018 Mar 14;148:w14597

Dharmarajan K, Swami S, Gou RY, Jones RN, Inouye SK. Pathway from Delirium to Death: Potential In-Hospital Mediators of Excess Mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 May;65(5):1026-1033

Öztürk Birge A, Bedük T. The relationship of delirium and risk factors in cardiology intensive care unit patients with the nursing workload. J Clin Nurs. 2018 Mar 31

Wassenaar A, Rood P, Boelen D, Schoonhoven L, Pickkers P, van den Boogaard M. Feasibility of Cognitive Training in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study. Am J Crit Care. 2018 Mar;27(2):124-135

Reviews

Lin SM, Liu CY, Wang CH, Lin HC, Huang CD, Huang PY, Fang YF, Shieh MH, Kuo HP. The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11):2254-9

Riker RR, Fraser GL. Altering intensive care sedation paradigms to improve patient outcomes. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul;25(3):527-38,

Vasilevskis EE, Ely EW, Speroff T, Pun BT, Boehm L, Dittus RS. Reducing Iatrogenic Risks : ICU-Acquired Delirium and Weakness −Crossing the Quality Chasm. Chest 2010;138;1224-1233

Strøm T, Toft P. Time to wake up the patients in the ICU: a crazy idea or common sense? Minerva Anestesiol. 2011 Jan;77(1):59-63. Free full text

Brummel NE & Girard TG (2013). Preventing Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Clin 29 (2013) 51–65

Barr J, Pandharipande PP. The pain, agitation, and delirium care bundle: synergistic benefits of implementing the 2013 Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Guidelines in an integrated and interdisciplinary fashion. Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep;41(9 Suppl 1):S99-115.

Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Peelen LM, Slooter AJ. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Delirium in the ICU*. Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan;43(1):40-7.

Greysen SR. Delirium and the "Know-Do" Gap in Acute Care for Elders. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb 2.

Hshieh TT, Yue J, Oh E, Puelle M, Dowal S, Travison T, Inouye SK. Effectiveness of Multicomponent Nonpharmacological Delirium Interventions: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb 2.

Salluh JI, Wang H, Schneider EB, Nagaraja N, Yenokyan G, Damluji A, Serafim RB, Stevens RD. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015 Jun 3;350:h2538.

Serafim RB, Bozza FA, Soares M, do Brasil PE, Tura BR, Ely EW, Salluh JI. Pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium in intensive care patients: A systematic review. J Crit Care. 2015 Aug;30(4):799-807.

Minhas MA, Velasquez AG, Kaul A, Salinas PD, Celi LA. Effect of Protocolized Sedation on Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 May;90(5):613-23.

Poongkunran C, John SG, Kannan AS, Shetty S, Bime C, Parthasarathy S. A meta-analysis of sleep-promoting interventions during critical illness. Am J Med. 2015 Oct;128(10):1126-1137.

Schrijver EJ, de Graaf K, de Vries OJ, Maier AB, Nanayakkara PW. Efficacy and safety of haloperidol for in-hospital delirium prevention and treatment: A systematic review of current evidence. Eur J Intern Med. 2015 Nov 6.

Porhomayon J, Joude P, Adlparvar G, El-Solh AA, Nader ND. The Impact of High Versus Low Sedation Dosing Strategy on Cognitive Dysfunction in Survivors of Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2015;7(2):43-8.

Saliski M, Kudchadkar SR. Optimizing Sedation Management to Promote Early Mobilization for Critically Ill Children. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2015;4(4):188-193.

Rittayamai N, Wilcox E, Drouot X, Mehta S, Goffi A, Brochard L. Positive and negative effects of mechanical ventilation on sleep in the ICU: a review with clinical recommendations. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Apr;42(4):531-41

Litton E, Carnegie V, Elliott R, Webb SA. The Efficacy of Earplugs as a Sleep Hygiene Strategy for Reducing Delirium in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jan 6.

Schwartz AC, Fisher TJ, Greenspan HN, Heinrich TW. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to the prevention and management of delirium. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2016 Mar 3. pii: 0091217416636578.

Neufeld KJ, Yue J, Robinson TN, Inouye SK, Needham DM. Antipsychotic Medication for Prevention and Treatment of Delirium in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Apr;64(4):705-14.

Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, Teale EA, Young J, Taylor J, Simpkins SA. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 11;3:CD005563.

Shaw R. Using Music to Promote Sleep for Hospitalized Adults. Am J Crit Care. 2016 Mar;25(2):181-4

Vincent JL, Shehabi Y, Walsh TS, Pandharipande PP, Ball JA, Spronk P, Longrois D, Strøm T, Conti G, Funk GC, Badenes R, Mantz J, Spies C, Takala J. Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jun;42(6):962-71.

Kamdar BB, Knauert MP, Jones SF, Parsons EC, Parthasarathy S, Pisani MA; Sleep in the ICU (SLEEPii) Task Force. Perceptions and Practices Regarding Sleep in the ICU: A Survey of 1,223 Critical Care Providers. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Apr 22.

Berning JN, Poor AD, Buckley SM, Patel KR, Lederer DJ, Goldstein NE, Brodie D, Baldwin MR. A Novel Picture Guide to Improve Spiritual Care and Reduce Anxiety in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Adults. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Apr 20.

Flannery AH, Oyler DR, Weinhouse GL. The Impact of Interventions to Improve Sleep on Delirium in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Research Framework. Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug 9

Mo Y, Scheer CE, Abdallah GT. Emerging Role of Melatonin and Melatonin Receptor Agonists in Sleep and Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2016 Aug;31(7):451-5

deBacker J, Hart N, Fan E. Neuromuscular Blockade in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century Management of the Critically Ill Patient. Chest. 2016 Nov 3. pii: S0012-3692(16)62328-0.

Hu R, Jiang X, Chen J, Zeng Z, Chen XY, Li Y, Huining X, Evans DJW. Non-drug treatments for promoting sleep in adults in the intensive care unit. Cochrane review Dez. 2016

Flannery AH, Oyler DR, Weinhouse GL. The Impact of Interventions to Improve Sleep on Delirium in the ICU: A Systematic Review and Research Framework. Crit Care Med. 2016 Dec;44(12):2231-2240.

Vallabhajosyula S, Kanmanthareddy A, Erwin PJ, Esterbrooks DJ, Morrow LE. Role of statins in delirium prevention in critical ill and cardiac surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care. 2017 Feb;37:189-196.

Colantuoni E, Dinglas VD, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, Needham DM. Statistical methods for evaluating delirium in the ICU. Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Jun 2

Puntillo K, Gélinas C, Chanques G. Next steps in ICU pain research. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Feb 14. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4694-3.

Au G, Johnson JR, Chlan LL. Time for a paradigm shift: Assessing for anxiety in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Heart Lung. 2017 Feb 23.

Bull MJ, Boaz L, Jermé M. Educating Family Caregivers for Older Adults About Delirium: A Systematic Review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2016 Jun;13(3):232-40

Kelly JM, Rubenfeld GD, Masson N, Min A, Adhikari NKJ. Using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Critical Care: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Benefit or Harm. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun;45(6):e607-e616.

Gerstenblith TA, Bienvenu OJ. Should We Prescribe Selective Serotonergic Reuptake Inhibitors/Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors in the ICU? Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun;45(6):1108-1109.

Hosker C, Ward D. Hypoactive delirium. BMJ. 2017 May 25;357

Pandharipande PP, Ely EW, Arora RC, Balas MC, Boustani MA, La Calle GH, Cunningham C, Devlin JW, Elefante J, Han JH, MacLullich AM, Maldonado JR, Morandi A, Needham DM, Page VJ, Rose L, Salluh JIF, Sharshar T, Shehabi Y, Skrobik Y, Slooter AJC, Smith HAB. The intensive care delirium research agenda: a multinational, interprofessional perspective. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jun 13.

Skrobik Y, Devlin J. Trials of statins in delirium-stymied by complex methods? Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Jul 19. pii: S2213-2600(17)30289-8.

Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta F, Pierini V, Cruz-Jentoft A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Cherubini A. Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent or Treat Delirium in Older Patients: Clinical Practice Recommendations The SENATOR-ONTOP Series. J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(9):927-936

Carr FM. The role of sitters in delirium: an update. Can Geriatr J. 2013;16(1):22-36

Eikermann M, Sarge TW. Postoperative interruption of sedation on arrival in the surgical ICU: a new standard of care. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Oct;5(10):764-765

Liu X, Xie G, Zhang K, Song S, Song F, Jin Y, Fang X. Dexmedetomidine vs propofol sedation reduces delirium in patients after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Crit Care. 2017 Apr;38:190-196

Oh ES, Fong TG, Hshieh TT, Inouye SK. Delirium in Older Persons: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA. 2017 Sep 26;318(12):1161-1174.

Pandharipande PP, Ely EW. Humanizing the Treatment of Hyperactive Delirium in the Last Days of Life. JAMA. 2017 Sep 19;318(11):1014-1015.

Wang JG, Belley-Coté E, Burry L, Duffett M, Karachi T, Perri D, Alhazzani W, D'Aragon F, Wunsch H, Rochwerg B. Clonidine for sedation in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2017 Feb 25;21(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1610-8.

Rowley-Conwy G. Barriers to delirium assessment in the intensive care unit: A literature review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Oct 17. pii: S0964-3397(17)30096-4

Mehta S, Spies C, Shehabi Y. Ten tips for ICU sedation. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Nov 18. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4992-9

Burry LD, Hutton B, Guenette M, Williamson D, Mehta S, Egerod I, Kanji S, Adhikari NK, Moher D, Martin CM, Rose L. Comparison of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium in critically ill patients: a protocol for a systematic review incorporating network meta-analyses. Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 8;5(1):153

Choy SW, Yeoh AC, Lee ZZ, Srikanth V, Moran C. Melatonin and the Prevention and Management of Delirium: A Scoping Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Jan 8;4:242

Paul Jay Regal Delirium, in 405 articles of medical (non-surgical or ICU) inpatients: unproven speed of onset and recovery. Clin Interv Aging. 2017; 12: 377–380

Vasunilashorn, Sarinnapha M., Tamara G. Fong, Asha Albuquerque, Edward R. Marcantonio, Eva M. Schmitt, Douglas Tommet, Yun Gou, Thomas G. Travison, Richard N. Jones, and Sharon K. Inouye. 2017. “Delirium Severity Post-Surgery and Its Relationship with Long-Term Cognitive Decline in a Cohort of Patients Without Dementia.” Edited by Miles Berger. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 61 (1) (November 28): 347–358. doi:10.3233/jad-170288

Liu Y, Ma L, Gao M, Guo W, Ma Y. Dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative delirium after joint replacement in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016 Aug;28(4):729-36

Delaney A, Hammond N, Litton E. Preventing Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. JAMA. 2018 Feb 20;319(7):659-660

Nuzzo E, Girard TD. The Sandman in the ICU: A Novel Use of Dexmedetomidine? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 12

Guidelines

Martin J, Heymann A, Bäsell K, et al. Evidence and consensus-based German guidelines for the management of analgesia, sedation and delirium in intensive care--short version. Ger Med Sci. 2010 Feb 2;8:Doc02. free full text

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2010): Delirium: diagnosis, prevention and management. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG103

Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, Davidson JE, Devlin JW, Kress JP, Joffe AM, Coursin DB, Herr DL, Tung A, Robinson BR, Fontaine DK, Ramsay MA, Riker RR, Sessler CN, Pun B, Skrobik Y, Jaeschke R; American College of Critical Care Medicine. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013 Jan;41(1):263-306

DAS-Taskforce 2015, Baron R, Binder A, Biniek R, Braune S, Buerkle H, Dall P, Demirakca S, Eckardt R, Eggers V, Eichler I, Fietze I, Freys S, Fründ A, Garten L, Gohrbandt B, Harth I, Hartl W, Heppner HJ, Horter J, Huth R, Janssens U, Jungk C, Kaeuper KM, Kessler P, Kleinschmidt S, Kochanek M, Kumpf M, Meiser A, Mueller A, Orth M, Putensen C, Roth B, Schaefer M, Schaefers R, Schellongowski P, Schindler M, Schmitt R, Scholz J, Schroeder S, Schwarzmann G, Spies C, Stingele R, Tonner P, Trieschmann U, Tryba M, Wappler F, Waydhas C, Weiss B, Weisshaar G. Evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of delirium, analgesia, and sedation in intensive care medicine. Revision 2015 (DAS-Guideline 2015) - short version. Ger Med Sci. 2015 Nov 12;13:Doc19.

Mechanical Ventilation & Weaning

Research studies

Ely EW, Baker AM, Dunagan DP, Burke HL, Smith AC, Kelly PT, et al. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1864-9 free full text

Kollef MH, Shapiro SD, Silver P, St John RE, Prentice D, Sauer S, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of protocol directed versus physician- directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1997;25:567-74.

Cheung AM, Tansey CM, Tomlinson G, Diaz-Granados N, Matté A, Barr A, Mehta S, Mazer CD, Guest CB, Stewart TE, Al-Saidi F, Cooper AB, Cook D, Slutsky AS, Herridge MS. Two-year outcomes, health care use, and costs of survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Sep 1;174(5):538-44

Jackson JC, Girard TD, Gordon SM et al. Long-term cognitive and psychological outcomes in the Awakening and Breathing controlled Trial. AJRCCM 2010; 182:183-191

Wunsch H, Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC, Hartman ME, Milbrandt EB, Kahn JM. The epidemiology of mechanical ventilation use in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2010 Oct;38(10):1947-53

Martin AD, Smith BK, Davenport PD, Harman E, Gonzalez-Rothi RJ, Baz M, Layon AJ, Banner MJ, Caruso LJ, Deoghare H, Huang TT, Gabrielli A. Inspiratory muscle strength training improves weaning outcome in failure to wean patients: a randomized trial. Critical Care 2011, 15:R84

Moisey LL, Mourtzakis M, Cotton BA, Premji T, Heyland DK, Wade CE, Bulger E, Kozar RA; Nutrition and Rehabilitation Investigators Consortium (NUTRIC). Skeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit Care. 2013 Sep 19;17(5):R206.

Files DC, Xiao K, Zhang T, Liu C, Qian J, Zhao W, Morris PE, Delbono O, Feng X. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e87587.

Thomas P, Paratz J, Lipman J. Seated and semi-recumbent positioning of the ventilated intensive care patient - effect on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics. Heart Lung. 2014 Mar-Apr;43(2):105-11.

Schmidt M, Pellegrino V, Combes A, Scheinkestel C, Cooper DJ, Hodgson C. Mechanical ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. 2014 Jan 21;18(1):203

Needham DM, Yang T, Dinglas VD, Mendez-Tellez PA, Shanholtz C, Sevransky JE, Brower RG, Pronovost PJ, Colantuoni E. Timing of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation and ICU Mortality in ARDS: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Dec 5

Files DC, Sanchez MA, Morris PE. A conceptual framework: the early and late phases of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care. 2015 Jul 2;19:266.

Chlan LL, Tracy MF, Guttormson J, Savik K. Peripheral Muscle Strength and Correlates of Muscle Weakness in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation. Am J Crit Care. 2015 Nov;24(6):e91-8.

Klompas M, Li L, Szumita P, Kleinman K, Murphy MV; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Associations between different sedatives and ventilator-associated events, length-of-stay, and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest. 2015 Oct 22.

Jeon K, Jeong BH, Ko MG, Nam J, Yoo H, Chung CR, Suh GY. Impact of delirium on weaning from mechanical ventilation in medical patients. Respirology. 2015 Nov 4.

Sansone GR, Frengley JD, Vecchione JJ, Manogaram MG, Kaner RJ. Relationship of the Duration of Ventilator Support to Successful Weaning and Other Clinical Outcomes in 437 Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jan 20.

Chan KS, Aronson Friedman L, Dinglas VD, Hough CL, Morris PE, Mendez-Tellez PA, Jackson JC, Ely EW, Hopkins RO, Needham DM. Evaluating Physical Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors: Validity, Responsiveness, and Minimal Important Difference of 4-Meter Gait Speed Test. Crit Care Med. 2016 May;44(5):859-68.

Zambon M, Beccaria P, Matsuno J, Gemma M, Frati E, Colombo S, Cabrini L, Landoni G, Zangrillo A. Mechanical Ventilation and Diaphragmatic Atrophy in Critically Ill Patients: An Ultrasound Study. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jul;44(7):1347-52.

Dres M, Dubé BP, Mayaux J, Delemazure J, Reuter D, Brochard L, Similowski T, Demoule A. Coexistence and Impact of Limb Muscle and Diaphragm Weakness at Time of Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation in Medical ICU Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun 16

Fernández Carmona A, Esquinas AM, Ubeda Iglesias A, Díaz Castellanos MÁ. Return of Voice for Tracheostomized Patients in ICU, Not Only Psychologic Advantages. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):e118-e119.

Dubé BP, Dres M, Mayaux J, Demiri S, Similowski T, Demoule A. Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients: comparison to phrenic stimulation and prognostic implications. Thorax. 2017 Mar 30.

Reviews

Boles JM, Bion J, Connors A, Herridge M, Marsh B, Melote C, Pearl R, Silverman H, Stanchina M, Vieillard-Baron A, Welte T.: Weaning from mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir J 2007; 29: 1033–1056 free full text

Blackwood B, Alderdice F, Burns K, Cardwell C, Lavery G, O'Halloran P. Use of weaning protocols for reducing duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011 Jan 13;342:c7237. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c7237. free full text

Hsieh SJ, Soto GJ, Hope AA, Ponea A, Gong MN. The Association between Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Delirium, and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan 1;191(1):71-8.

Rose L, Dainty KN, Jordan J, Blackwood B. Weaning from mechanical ventilation: a scoping review of qualitative studies. Am J Crit Care. 2014 Sep;23(5):e54-70.

Goligher EC, Douflé G, Fan E. Update in Mechanical Ventilation, Sedation, and Outcomes 2014. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun 15;191(12):1367-73.

Wang L, Li X, Yang Z, Tang X, Yuan Q, Deng L, Sun X. Semi-recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 8;1:CD009946.

Zambon M, Greco M, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Beccaria PF, Zangrillo A. Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):29-38.

Bui KL, Nyberg A, Maltais F, Saey D. Functional Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Part 1: Clinical Relevance and Links to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Feb 28

Bui KL, Nyberg A, Maltais F, Saey D. Functional Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Part 2: Measurement Properties. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Feb 28

Latronico N, Minelli C, Eikermann M. Prediction of long-term outcome subtypes in ARDS: first steps towards personalised medicine in critical care. Thorax. 2017 Dec;72(12):1067-1068

Guidelines

Girard TD, Alhazzani W, Kress JP, Ouellette DR, Schmidt GA, Truwit JD, Burns SM, Epstein SK, Esteban A, Fan E, Ferrer M, Fraser GL, Gong MN, Hough CL, Mehta S, Nanchal R, Patel S, Pawlik AJ, Sessler CN, Strøm T, Schweickert W, Wilson KC, Morris PE. An Official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline: Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults. Rehabilitation Protocols, Ventilator Liberation Protocols, and Cuff Leak Tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Oct 20.

Schmidt GA, Girard TD, Kress JP, Morris PE, Ouellette DR, Alhazzani W, Burns SM, Epstein SK, Esteban A, Fan E, Ferrer M, Fraser GL, Gong MN, Hough CL, Mehta S, Nanchal R, Patel S, Pawlik AJ, Sessler CN, Strøm T, Schweickert W, Wilson KC, Truwit JD. Official Executive Summary of an American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline: Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Oct 20.

Early Mobilization/Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy

Research studies

Affleck AT, Lieberman S, Polon J, Rohrkemper K. Providing occupational therapy in an intensive care unit. Am J Occup Ther. 1986 May;40(5):323-32. PubMed PMID: 3717268

Blair SN, Kohl HW 3rd, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA. 1989 Nov 3;262(17):2395-401

Chang AT, Boots RJ, Hodges PW, Thomas PJ, Paratz JD (2004): Standing with the assistance of a tilt table improves minute ventilation in chronic critically ill patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Dec;85(12):1972-6.

Zafiropoulos B, Alison JA, McCarren B: Physiological responses to the early mobilisation of the intubated, ventilated abdominal surgery patient. Aust J Physiother 2004;50(2):95-100 free full text

Stiller K, Phillips AC, Lambert P. The safety of mobilisation and its effect on haemodynamic and respiratory status of intensive care patients. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2004 20: 175-185

Perme CS, Southard RE, Joyce DL, Noon GP, Loebe M: Early mobilization of LVAD recipients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006;33(2):130-3. free full text

Dieperink W, Goorhuis JF, de Weerd W, Hazenberg A, Zijlstra JG, Nijsten MW. (2006): Walking with continuous positive airway pressure. Eur Respir J. Apr; 27(4):853-5 free full text

Bailey P, Thomsen GE, Spuhler VJ, Blair R, Jewkes J, Bezdjian L, Veale K, Rodriquez L, Hopkins RO: Early activity is feasible and safe in respiratory failure patients. Crit Care Med. 2007 Jan;35(1): 139-45

Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, Taylor K, Harry B, Passmore L, Ross A, Anderson L, Baker S, Sanchez M, Penley L, Howard A, Dixon L, Leach S, Small R, Hite RD, Haponik E.: Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug;36(8):2238-43.

McWilliams DJ, Pantelides KP.: Does physiotherapy led early mobilisation affect length of stay on ICU? ACPRC Journal 2008 40, 5-11

Fan E, Needham DM. The science of quality improvement. JAMA. 2008 Jul 23;300(4):390-1

Pronovost PJ, Berenholtz SM, Goeschel C, Thom I, Watson SR, Holzmueller CG, Lyon JS, Lubomski LH, Thompson DA, Needham D, Hyzy R, Welsh R, Roth G, Bander J, Morlock L, Sexton JB. Improving patient safety in intensive care units in Michigan. J Crit Care. 2008 Jun;23(2):207-21

Pronovost PJ, Berenholtz SM, Needham DM. Translating evidence into practice: a model for large scale knowledge translation. BMJ. 2008 Oct 6;337:a1714

Perme C, Chandrashekar R. Managing the patient on Mechanical Ventilation in ICU: Early Mobility and Walking Program. Acute Care Perspectives. Spring 2008, Vol 17, Number 1, 10-15. free text

Thomsen GE, Snow GL, Rodriguez L, Hopkins RO: Patients with respiratory failure increase ambulation after transfer to an intensive care unit where early activity is a priority. Crit Care Med Vol. 2008 36, No. 4: 1119-24

Dean E. Mobilizing patients in the ICU: Evidence and Principles of Practice. Acute Care Perspectives. Spring 2008, Vol 17, Number 1, 1-9. free text

Brown CJ, Redden DT, Flood KL, Allman RM. The underrecognized epidemic of low mobility during hospitalization of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Sep;57(9):1660-5

Flanders SA, Harrington L, Fowler RJ. Falls and patient mobility in critical care: keeping patients and staff safe. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2009 Jul-Sep;20(3):267-76

Needham, DM, Truong AD, Fan E. Technology to enhance physical rehabilitation of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2009 Vol. 37, No. 10 (Suppl.) S436-441

Fan E, Zanni JM, Dennison CR, Lepre SJ, Needham DM. Critical illness neuromyopathy and muscle weakness in patients in the intensive care unit. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2009 Jul-Sep;20(3):243-53

Schweickert et al.: Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 30;373(9678):1874-82

Perme C, Chandrashekar R: Early mobility and walking program for patients in intensive care units: creating a standard of care. American Journal of Critical Care 2009 May;18(3):212-21. free full text

Needham DM, Korupolu R, Zanni JM, Pradhan P, Colantuoni E, Palmer JB, Brower RG, Fan E, (2010). Early Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Quality Improvement Project. Arch Phys Med Rehabil Vol 91, 536-542

Needham DM, Korupulou R. Rehabilitation Quality Improvement in an Intensive Care Unit Setting: Implementation of a Quality Improvement Model. Top Stroke Rehabil 2010;17(4): 271–281

Korupolu R, Zanni JM, Fan E, Butler M, Needham DM. Early mobilisation of intensive care unit patient: the challenges of morbid obesity and multiorgan failure. BMJ Case Rep. 2010

Bourdin G Jack Barbier J, Burle J-F, Durante G, Passant, Vincent SB, Badet M, Bayle F, Richard JC and Claude Guerin C. The Feasibility of Early Physical Activity in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Prospective Observational One-Center Study. Respir Care 2010;55(4):400– 407 free full text

Hinton MV. Establishing a Safe Patient Handling/Minimal Lift Program. Orthop Nurs. 2010 Sep-Oct;29(5):325-30

Zanni JM, Korupolu R, Fan E, et al. Rehabilitation therapy and outcomes in acute respiratory failure: An observational pilot project. J Crit Care 2010 Jun;25(2):254-62.

Pohlman MC, Schweickert WD, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, Spears L, Miller M, Franczyk M, Deprizio D, Schmidt GA, Bowman A, Barr R, McCallister K, Hall JB, Kress JP. Feasibility of physical and occupational therapy beginning from initiation of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2010 Nov;38(11):2089-94.

Arnold M, Radawiec S, Campo M, Wright LR. Changes in functional independence measure ratings associated with a safe patient handling and movement program. Rehabil Nurs. 2011 Jul-Aug;36(4):138-44. PubMed PMID: 21721394

Clini EM, Crisafulli E, Antoni FD, Beneventi C, Trianni L, Costi S, Fabbri LM, Nava S. Functional recovery following physical training in tracheotomized and chronically ventilated patients. Respir Care. 2011 Mar;56(3):306-13

Morris PE, Griffin L, Berry M, Thompson C, Hite RD, Winkelman C, Hopkins RO, Ross A, Dixon L, Leach S, Haponik E. Receiving early mobility during an intensive care unit admission is a predictor of improved outcomes in acute respiratory failure. Am J Med Sci. 2011 May;341(5):373-7.

Hodgin KE, Nordon-Craft A, MCFann KK, Mealer ML, Moss M. Physical therapy utilization in intensive care units: Results from a national survey. Critical Care Medicine 2009 Feb;37(2):561-6

Perme C, Lettvin C, Throckmorton TA, Mitchell K, Masud F. Early Mobility and Walking for Patients with Femoral Arterial Catheters in Intensive Care Unit: a Case Series. J. Acute Care Phys Ther; Spring 2011, Vol 2 , Number 1:30-34

Tzanis G, Vasileiadis I, Zervakis D, Karatzanos E, Dimopoulos S, Pitsolis T, Tripodaki E, Gerovasili V, Routsi C, Nanas S. Maximum inspiratory pressure, a surrogate parameter for the assessment of ICU-acquired weakness. BMC Anesthesiol. 2011 Jun 26;11:14.

Benington S, McWilliams D, Eddleston J, Atkinson D. Exercise testing in survivors of intensive care--is there a role for cardiopulmonary exercise testing? J Crit Care. 2012 Feb;27(1):89-94

Bierbrauer J, Koch S, Olbricht C, Hamati J, Lodka D, Schneider J, Luther-Schröder A, Kleber C, Faust K, Wiesener S, Spies CD, Spranger J, Spuler S, Fielitz J, Weber-Carstens S. Early type II fiber atrophy in intensive care unit patients with nonexcitable muscle membrane. Crit Care Med. 2012 Feb;40(2):647-50.

Leditschke IA, Green M, Irvine J, Bissett B, Mitchell IA. What are the Barriers to Mobilizing Intensive Care Patients? Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 2012, 23 (1): 26-29.

Lowman JD, Kirk TK, Clark DE. Physical Therapy Management of a Patient on Portable Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplation: A Case Report. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 2012, 23 (1): 30-35.

Winkelman C, Johnson KD, Hejal R, Gordon NH, Rowbottom J, Daly J, Peereboom K, Levine AD. Examining the positive effects of exercise in intubated adults in ICU: A prospective repeated measures clinical study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2012 Mar 27

Kamdar BB, Needham DM, Collop NA. Sleep deprivation in critical illness: its role in physical and psychological recovery. J Intensive Care Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):97-111

Baldwin CE, Paratz JD, Bersten AD. Body composition analysis in critically ill survivors: a comparison of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy devices. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 May;36(3):306-15

Balas MC, Rice M, Chaperon C, Smith H, Disbot M, Fuchs B. Management of delirium in critically ill older adults. Crit Care Nurse. 2012 Aug;32(4):15-26. PubMed PMID: 22855075

Ohtake PJ, Strasser DC, Needham DM. Rehabilitation for people with critical illness: taking the next steps. Phys Ther. 2012 Dec;92(12):1484-8

Campo M, Shiyko MP, Margulis H, Darragh AR. Effect of a safe patient handling program on rehabilitation outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Jan;94(1):17-22

Rahimi RA, Skrzat J, Reddy DRS, Zanni JM, Fan E, Stephens RS, Needham DM. Physical Rehabilitation of Intensive Care Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Small Case Series. Physical Therapy 2013 Feb;93(2):248-55.2013 Feb;93(2):248-55

Damluji A, Zanni JM, Mantheiy E, Colantuoni E, Kho ME, Needham DM. Safety and feasibility of femoral catheters during physical rehabilitation in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2013 Aug;28(4):535.e9-15

Lord RK, Mayhew CR, Korupolu R, Mantheiy EC, Friedman MA, Palmer JB, Needham DM. ICU early physical rehabilitation programs: financial modeling of cost savings. Critical Care Medicine 2013 Mar;41(3):717-24.

APTA. The Role of Physical Therapy in Safe Patient Handling. 2012; DOI: http://www.apta.org/uploadedFiles/APTAorg/About_Us/Policies/Practice/SafePatientHandling.pdf.

Titsworth WL, Hester J, Correia T, Reed R, Guin P, Archibald L, Layon AJ, Mocco J. The effect of increased mobility on morbidity in the neurointensive care unit. J Neurosurg. 2012 Jun;116(6):1379-88.

Hopkins RO, Miller RR 3rd, Rodriguez L, Spuhler V, Thomsen GE. Physical Therapy on the Wards After Early Physical Activity and Mobility in the Intensive Care Unit. Phys Ther. 2012; 92: 1518-1523.

Talley CL, Wonnacott RO, Schuette JK, Jamieson J, Heung M. Extending the benefits of early mobility to critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: the Michigan experience. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2013 Jan-Mar;36(1):89-100

Dinglas, V. D., Colantuoni, E., Ciesla, N., Mendez-Tellez, P. A., Shanholtz, C., & Needham, D. M. (2013). Brief Report— Occupational therapy for patients with acute lung injury: Factors associated with time to first intervention in the intensive care unit. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 355–362.

Perme C, Nalty T, Winkelman C, Kenji Nawa R, Masud F. Safety and Efficacy of Mobility Interventions in Patients with Femoral Catheters in the ICU: A Prospective Observational Study. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2013 Jun;24(2):12-7.

Choong K, Koo KK, Clark H, Chu R, Thabane L, Burns KE, Cook DJ, Herridge MS, Meade MO. Early Mobilization in Critically Ill Children: A Survey of Canadian Practice. Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1745-1753.

Engel HJ, Tatebe S, Alonzo PB, Mustille RL, Rivera MJ. Physical therapist-established intensive care unit early mobilization program: quality improvement project for critical care at the university of california san francisco medical center. Phys Ther. 2013 Jul;93(7):975-85.

Castro AA, Calil SR, Freitas SA, Oliveira AB, Porto EF. Chest physiotherapy effectiveness to reduce hospitalization and mechanical ventilation length of stay, pulmonary infection rate and mortality in ICU patients. Respir Med. 2013 Jan;107(1):68-74.

Davis J, Crawford K, Wierman H, Osgood W, Cavanaugh J, Smith KA, Mette S, Orff S. Mobilization of Ventilated Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2013 Mar 8.

Bloch SA, Lee JY, Wort SJ, Polkey MI, Kemp PR, Griffiths MJ. Sustained elevation of circulating growth and differentiation factor-15 and a dynamic imbalance in mediators of muscle homeostasis are associated with the development of acute muscle wasting following cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 2013 Apr;41(4):982-9

Sossdorf M, Otto GP, Menge K, Claus RA, Lösche W, Kabisch B, Kohl M, Smolenski UC, Schlattmann P, Reinhart K, Winning J. Potential effect of physiotherapeutic treatment on mortality rate in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A retrospective cohort analysis. J Crit Care. 2013 28(6):954-8.

Peiris CL, Shields N, Brusco NK, Watts JJ, Taylor NF.: Additional Saturday rehabilitation improves functional independence and quality of life and reduces length of stay: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine 2013 11:198.

Parker AM, Lord RK, Needham DM. Increasing the dose of acute rehabilitation: is there a benefit? BMC Medicine 2013, 11:199

Balas MC, Burke WJ, Gannon D, Cohen MZ, Colbrun L, Bevil C, Franz D, Olsen KM, Ely WE: Implementing the Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium Monitoring/Management, and Early Exercise/Mobility Bundle into Everyday Care: Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned for Implementing the ICU Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Guidelines. Critical Care Medicine 2013, 41 (9): S116-127.

Hanekom S, Louw QA, Coetzee AR. Implementation of a protocol facilitates evidence-based physiotherapy practice in intensive care units. Physiotherapy 99 (2013) 139–145.

Hill K, Diane M. Dennis DM, Patman SM. Relationships between mortality, morbidity, and physical function in adults who survived a period of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Journal of Critical Care (2013) 28, 427–432

Denehy L, Skinner EH, Edbrooke L, Haines K, Warrillow S, Hawthorne G, Gough K, Hoorn SV, Morris ME, Berney S. Exercise rehabilitation for patients with critical illness: a randomized controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up. Crit Care. 2013 Jul 24;17(4):R156.

Mendez-Tellez PA, Dinglas VD, Colantuoni E, Ciesla N, Sevransky JE, Shanholtz C, Pronovost PJ, Needham DM. Factors associated with timing of initiation of physical therapy in patients with acute lung injury. J Crit Care. 2013 Dec;28(6):980-4.

Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Morandi A, Hughes CG, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Murphy E, Work B, Pun BT, Boehm L, Gill TM, Dittus RS, Jackson JC. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]

Hodgson C, Needham D, Haines K, Bailey M, Ward A, Harrold M, Young P, Zanni J, Buhr H, Higgins A, Presneill J, Berney S. Feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the ICU Mobility Scale. Heart Lung. 2014 Jan-Feb;43(1):19-24.

Needham DM, Wozniak AW, Hough CL, Morris PE, Dinglas VD, Jackson JC, Mendez-Tellez PA, Shanholtz C, Ely EW, Colantuoni E, Hopkins RO, National Institutes of Health NHLBI ARDS Network. Risk factors for physical impairment after acute lung injury in a national, multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 May 15;189(10):1214-24

Nawa RK, Lettvin C, Winkelman C, Evora PRB, Perme C. Initial inter-rater reliability for a novel measure of patient mobility in a Cardiovascular ICU. Journal of critical care 3 February 2014 (Article in Press DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.01.019)

Sricharoenchai T, Parker AM, Zanni JM, Nelliot A, Dinglas VD, Needham DM. Safety of physical therapy interventions in critically ill patients: a single-center prospective evaluation of 1110 intensive care unit admissions. J Crit Care. 2014 Jun;29(3):395-400.

Abrams et al. (2014). Early mobilization of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study Critical Care 18:R38.

Engel HJ, Needham DM, Morris PE, Gropper MA (2013). ICU Early Mobilization: From Recommendation to Implementation at Three Medical Centers. Crit Care Med 41:S69-S80

Hickmann CE, Roeseler J, Castanares-Zapatero D, Herrera EI, Mongodin A, Laterre PF. Energy expenditure in the critically ill performing early physical therapy. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Apr;40(4):548-55.

Haines KJ, Skinner EH, Berney S; Austin Health POST Study Investigators (2013). Association of postoperative pulmonary complications with delayed mobilisation following major abdominal surgery: an observational cohort study. Physiotherapy 99(2):119-25.

Nydahl P, Ruhl AP, Bartoszek G, Dubb R, Filipovic S, Flohr HJ, Kaltwasser A, Mende H, Rothaug O, Schuchhardt D, Schwabbauer N, Needham DM. Early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients: a 1-day point-prevalence study in Germany. Crit Care Med. 2014 May;42(5):1178-86.

Berney SC, Harrold M, Webb SA, Seppelt I, Patman S, Thomas PJ, Denehy L. Intensive care unit mobility practices in Australia and New Zealand: a point prevalence study. Crit Care Resusc. 2013 Dec;15(4):260-5

Abrams D, Javidfar J, Farrand E, Mongero LB, Agerstrand CL, Ryan P, Zemmel D, Galuskin K, Morrone TM, Boerem P, Bacchetta M, Brodie D. Early mobilization of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2014 Feb 27;18(1):R38.

Girbes ARJ, Elbers PWG. Speech in an Orally Intubated Patient. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1172-1173

Sprenkle, Kamille J.; Pechulis, Michael. Early Mobility of Patients Poststroke in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy, 2013 4 (3): 101-109.

Nawa RK, Lettvin C, Winkelman C, Evora PR, Perme C. Initial interrater reliability for a novel measure of patient mobility in a cardiovascular intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2014 Jun;29(3):475.e1-5.

Clemmer TP. Why the reluctance to meaningfully mobilize ventilated patients? "The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind". Crit Care Med. 2014 May;42(5):1308-9.

Doherty-King B, Bowers BJ. Attributing the responsibility for ambulating patients: a qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013 Sep;50(9):1240-6.

Jackson JC, Santoro MJ, Ely TM, Boehm L, Kiehl AL, Anderson LS, Ely EW. Improving patient care through the prism of psychology: application of Maslow's hierarchy to sedation, delirium, and early mobility in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2014 Jun;29(3):438-44.

Burry LD1, Williamson DR, Perreault MM, Rose L, Cook DJ, Ferguson ND, Lapinsky SC, Mehta S. Analgesic, sedative, antipsychotic, and neuromuscular blocker use in Canadian intensive care units: a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Jul;61(7):619-30.

Greening NJ, Williams JE, Hussain SF, Harvey-Dunstan TC, Bankart MJ, Chaplin EJ, Vincent EE, Chimera R, Morgan MD, Singh SJ, Steiner MC. An early rehabilitation intervention to enhance recovery during hospital admission for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2014 Jul 8;349:g4315.

Batterham AM, Bonner S, Wright J, Howell SJ, Hugill K, Danjoux G. Effect of supervised aerobic exercise rehabilitation on physical fitness and quality-of-life in survivors of critical illness: an exploratory minimized controlled trial (PIX study). Br J Anaesth. 2014 Jul;113(1):130-7.

Brownback CA, Fletcher P, Pierce LN, Klaus S. Early mobility activities during continuous renal replacement therapy. Am J Crit Care. 2014 Jul;23(4):348-51

Zebuhr C, Sinha A, Skillman H, Buckvold S. Active rehabilitation in a pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patient. PM R. 2014 May;6(5):456-60.

Hoyer EH, Brotman DJ, Chan K, Needham DM. Barriers to Early Mobility of Hospitalized General Medicine Patients: Survey Development and Results. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Aug 15.

Wang YT, Haines TP, Ritchie P, Walker C, Ansell TA, Ryan DT, Lim PS, Vij S, Acs R, Fealy N, Skinner EH. Early mobilization on continuous renal replacement therapy is safe and may improve filter life. Crit Care. 2014 Jul 28;18(4):R161.

Rose L, Fowler RA, Fan E, Fraser I, Leasa D, Mawdsley C, Pedersen C, Rubenfeld G; the CANuVENT group. Prolonged mechanical ventilation in Canadian intensive care units: A national survey. J Crit Care. 2014 Jul 31. pii: S0883-9441(14)00312-8.

Rajesh Chawla, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Subhash Todi, Sudha Kansal, and Sananta Kumar Dash Current practices of mobilization, analgesia, relaxants and sedation in Indian ICUs: A survey conducted by the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine Indian J Crit Care Med. Sep 2014; 18(9): 575–584.

Pruijsten R, van Thiel R, Hool S, Saeijs M, Verbiest M, Reis Miranda D. Mobilization of patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support using an ECMO helmet. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Oct;40(10):1595-7.

Patel BK, Pohlman AS, Hall JB, Kress JP. Impact of early mobilization on glycemic control and ICU-acquired weakness in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2014 Sep;146(3):583-9.

Dinglas VD, Parker AM, Reddy DR, Colantuoni E, Zanni JM, Turnbull AE, Nelliot A, Ciesla N, Needham DM. A quality improvement project sustainably decreased time to onset of active physical therapy intervention in patients with acute lung injury. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Oct;11(8):1230-8.

Manzano F, Colmenero M, Pérez-Pérez AM, Roldán D, Jiménez-Quintana Mdel M, Mañas MR, Sánchez-Moya MA, Guerrero C, Moral-Marfil MA, Sánchez-Cantalejo E, Fernández-Mondéjar E. Comparison of two repositioning schedules for the prevention of pressure ulcers in patients on mechanical ventilation with alternating pressure air mattresses. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Nov;40(11):1679-87.

Jolley SE, Caldwell E, Hough CL. Factors associated with receipt of physical therapy consultation in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2014 May-Jun;33(3):160-7.

McWilliams D, Weblin J, Atkins G, Bion J, Williams J, Elliott C, Whitehouse T, Snelson C. Enhancing rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: A quality improvement project. J Crit Care. 2014 Oct 2. pii: S0883-9441(14)00401-8.

Momosaki R, Yasunaga H, Matsui H, Horiguchi H, Fushimi K, Abo M. Effect of Early Rehabilitation by Physical Therapists on In-hospital Mortality after Aspiration Pneumonia in the Elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Oct 6.

Brusco NK, Watts JJ, Shields N, Taylor NF. Are weekend inpatient rehabilitation services value for money? An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial with a 30 day follow up. BMC Med. 2014 May 29;12:89

Roberts M, Johnson LA, Lalonde TL. Early mobility in the intensive care unit: Standard equipment vs a mobility platform. Am J Crit Care. 2014 Nov;23(6):451-7.

Sneyers B, Laterre PF, Perreault MM, Wouters D, Spinewine A. Current practices and barriers impairing physicians¿ and nurses¿ adherence to analgo-sedation recommendations in the intensive care unit - a national survey. Crit Care. 2014 Dec 5;18(6):655.

Brodsky MB, González-Fernández M, Mendez-Tellez PA, Shanholtz C, Palmer JB, Needham DM. Factors associated with swallowing assessment after oral endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for acute lung injury. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Nov 11.

Klein K, Mulkey M, Bena JF, Albert NM. Clinical and Psychologic Effects of Early Mobilization in Patients Treated in a Neurologic ICU: A Comparative Study. Crit Care Med. 2014 Dec 16.

Hanekom S, Van Aswegen H, Plani N, Patman S. Developing minimum clinical standards for physiotherapy in South African intensive care units: the nominal group technique in action. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014 Sep 29. doi: 10.1111/jep.12257.

Barber EA, Everard T, Holland AE, Tipping C, Bradley SJ, Hodgson CL. Barriers and facilitators to early mobilisation in Intensive Care: A qualitative study. Aust Crit Care. 2014 Dec 19. pii: S1036-7314(14)00170-2.

Tillquist M, Kutsogiannis DJ, Wischmeyer PE, Kummerlen C, Leung R, Stollery D, Karvellas CJ, Preiser JC, Bird N, Kozar R, Heyland DK. Bedside ultrasound is a practical and reliable measurement tool for assessing quadriceps muscle layer thickness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014 Sep;38(7):886-90

Barber EA, Everard T, Holland AE, Tipping C, Bradley SJ, Hodgson CL. Barriers and facilitators to early mobilisation in Intensive Care: A qualitative study. Aust Crit Care. 2014 Dec 19.

Jolley SE, Dale CR, Hough CL. Hospital-Level Factors Associated with Report of Physical Activity in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation across Washington State. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Jan 7

Collings N, Cusack R. A repeated measures, randomised cross-over trial, comparing the acute exercise response between passive and active sitting in critically ill patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015 Jan 13;15(1):1.

Toccolini BF, Osaku EF, de Macedo Costa CR, Teixeira SN, Costa NL, Cândia MF, Leite MA, de Albuquerque CE, Jorge AC, Duarte PA. Passive orthostatism (tilt table) in critical patients: Clinicophysiologic evaluation. J Crit Care. 2015 Jan 6.

TEAM Study Investigators. Early mobilization and recovery in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU: a bi-national, multi-centre, prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2015 Feb 26;19(1):81.

Knott A, Stevenson M, Harlow SKM. Benchmarking rehabilitation practice in the intensive care unit Journal of the Intensive Care Society 2015

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Shumock KM, Appel J, Toonstra A Axillary Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Placement as a Means for Safe Mobility in a Patient Awaiting Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Case Report. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 2015, 26, 3: 53-57.

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Buhl SF, Andersen AL, Andersen JR, Andersen O, Jensen JE, Rasmussen AM, Pedersen MM, Damkjær L, Gilkes H, Petersen J. The effect of protein intake and resistance training on muscle mass in acutely ill old medical patients - A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;35(1):59-66.

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Hodgson CL, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Berney S, Buhr H, Denehy L, Gabbe B, Harrold M, Higgins A, Iwashyna TJ, Papworth R, Parke R, Patman S, Presneill J, Saxena M, Skinner E, Tipping C, Young P, Webb S; Trial of Early Activity and Mobilization Study Investigators. A Binational Multicenter Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Goal-Directed Mobilization in ICU. Crit Care Med. 2016 Mar 10.

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Sala V, Petrucci L, Monteleone S, Dall'angelo A, Miracca S, Conte T, Carlisi E, Ricotti S, D'Armini AM, Dalla Toffola E. Oxygen saturation and heart rate monitoring during a single session of early rehabilitation after cardiac surgery. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Feb;52(1):12-9.

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Frazzitta G, Valsecchi R, Zivi I, Sebastianelli L, Bonini S, Zarucchi A, Matteri D, Molatore K, Maestri R, Saltuari L. Safety and Feasibility of a Very Early Verticalization in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 Jul-Aug;30(4):290-2.

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Hopkins RO, Mitchell L, Thomsen GE, Schafer M, Link M, Brown SM. Implementing a Mobility Program to Minimize Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016 Apr-Jun;27(2):187-203.

Brown CJ, Foley KT, Lowman JD Jr, MacLennan PA, Razjouyan J, Najafi B, Locher J, Allman RM. Comparison of Posthospitalization Function and Community Mobility in Hospital Mobility Program and Usual Care Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 May 31.

José A, Dal Corso S. Inpatient rehabilitation improves functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength and quality of life in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2016 Apr;62(2):96-102.

Thelandersson A, Nellgård B, Ricksten SE, Cider Å. Effects of Early Bedside Cycle Exercise on Intracranial Pressure and Systemic Hemodynamics in Critically Ill Patients in a Neurointensive Care Unit. Neurocrit Care. 2016 May 23.

Karic T, Røe C, Nordenmark TH, Becker F, Sorteberg W, Sorteberg A. Effect of early mobilization and rehabilitation on complications in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr 8:1-9.

Freeman-Sanderson AL, Togher L, Elkins MR, Phipps PR. Return of Voice for Ventilated Tracheostomy Patients in ICU: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Early-Targeted Intervention. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun;44(6):1075-81

Morris PE, Berry MJ, Files DC, Thompson JC, Hauser J, Flores L, Dhar S, Chmelo E, Lovato J, Case LD, Bakhru RN, Sarwal A, Parry SM, Campbell P, Mote A, Winkelman C, Hite RD, Nicklas B, Chatterjee A, Young MP. Standardized Rehabilitation and Hospital Length of Stay Among Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016 Jun 28;315(24):2694-702

Corcoran JR, Herbsman JM, Bushnik T, Van Lew S, Stolfi A, Parkin K, McKenzie A, Hall GW, Joseph W, Whiteson J, Flanagan SR. Early Rehabilitation in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units for Patients With and Without Mechanical Ventilation: An Interprofessional Performance Improvement Project. PM R. 2016 Jun 23.

Stolbrink M, McGowan L, Saman H, Nguyen T, Knightly R, Sharpe J, Reilly H, Jones S, Turner AM. The Early Mobility Bundle: a simple enhancement of therapy which may reduce incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia and length of hospital stay. J Hosp Infect. 2014 Sep;88(1):34-9.

Sigler M, Nugent K, Alalawi R, Selvan K, Tseng J, Edriss H, Turner A, Valdez K, Krause D. Making of a Successful Early Mobilization Program for a Medical Intensive Care Unit. South Med J. 2016 Jun;109(6):342-5.

Tipping CJ, Bailey MJ, Bellomo R, Berney S, Buhr H, Denehy L, Harrold M, Holland A, Higgins AM, Iwashyna TJ, Needham D, Presneill J, Saxena M, Skinner EH, Webb S, Young P, Zanni J, Hodgson CL. The ICU Mobility Scale Has Construct and Predictive Validity and Is Responsive. A Multicenter Observational Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Jun;13(6):887-93.

Toonstra AL, Nelliot A, Aronson Friedman L, Zanni JM, Hodgson C, Needham DM. An evaluation of learning clinical decision-making for early rehabilitation in the ICU via interactive education with audience response system. Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jun 13:1-3.

dos Santos LJ, de Aguiar Lemos F, Bianchi T, Sachetti A, Dall' Acqua AM, da Silva Naue W, Dias AS, Vieira SR. Early rehabilitation using a passive cycle ergometer on muscle morphology in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (MoVe-ICU study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Aug 28;16:383.

Tadyanemhandu C, Manie S. Profile of patients and physiotherapy patterns in intensive care units in public hospitals in Zimbabwe: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015 Oct 7;15:136.

Bakhru RN, McWilliams DJ, Wiebe DJ, Spuhler VJ, Schweickert WD. ICU Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices: An International Survey. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Jun 7

Skinner EH, Thomas P, Reeve JC, Patman S. Minimum standards of clinical practice for physiotherapists working in critical care settings in Australia and New Zealand: A modified Delphi technique. Physiother Theory Pract. 2016 Jun 3:1-15.

Cassina T, Putzu A, Santambrogio L, Villa M, Licker MJ. Hemodynamic challenge to early mobilization after cardiac surgery: A pilot study. Ann Card Anaesth. 2016 Jul-Sep;19(3):425-32.

Jesus FS, Paim DM, Brito JO, Barros IA, Nogueira TB, Martinez BP, Pires TQ. Mobility decline in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2016 Jun;28(2):114-119.

Krewer C, Luther M, Koenig E, Müller F. Tilt Table Therapies for Patients with Severe Disorders of Consciousness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 1;10(12):e0143180.

Ragavan VK, Greenwood KC, Bibi K. The Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit Scale: Is It Reliable in the Intensive Care Unit? Can It Be Used to Determine Discharge Placement? Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy 2016 7 (3) 93-100

Bhat A, Chakravarthy K, Rao BK. Mobilization of patients in neurological Intensive Care Units of India: A survey. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun;20(6):337-41.

Sato K, Okajima M, Taniguchi T. The electrolarynx as a communication tool for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a prospective feasibility study. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Aug;42(8):1299-300.

Duncan C, Hudson M, Heck C. The impact of increased weekend physiotherapy service provision in critical care: a mixed methods study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2015;31(8):547-55

Booth K, Rivet J, Flici R, Harvey E, Hamill M, Hundley D, Holland K, Hubbard S, Trivedi A, Collier B. Progressive Mobility Protocol Reduces Venous Thromboembolism Rate in Trauma Intensive Care Patients: A Quality Improvement Project. J Trauma Nurs. 2016 Sep-Oct;23(5):284-9

Malamud AL, Ricard PE. Feasibility of the Six-Minute Walk Test for Patients Who Have Cystic Fibrosis, Are Ambulatory, and Require Mechanical Ventilation Before Lung Transplantation. Phys Ther. 2016 Sep;96(9):1468-76.

Schaller SJ, Anstey M, Blobner M, Edrich T, Grabitz SD, Gradwohl-Matis I, Heim M, Houle T, Kurth T, Latronico N, Lee J, Meyer MJ, Peponis T, Talmor D, Velmahos GC, Waak K, Walz JM, Zafonte R, Eikermann M; International Early SOMS-guided Mobilization Research Initiative.. Early, goal-directed mobilisation in the surgical intensive care unit: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 1;388(10052):1377-1388.

Iwashyna TJ, Hodgson CL. Early mobilisation in ICU is far more than just exercise. Lancet. 2016 Oct 1;388(10052):1351-1352.

McWilliams D, Atkins G, Hodson J, Snelson C. The Sara Combilizer<sup>®</sup> as an early mobilisation aid for critically ill patients: A prospective before and after study. Aust Crit Care. 2016 Oct 10.

Jolley SE, Moss M, Needham DM, Caldwell E, Morris PE, Miller RR, Ringwood N, Anders M, Koo KK, Gundel SE, Parry SM, Hough CL; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network Investigators. Point Prevalence Study of Mobilization Practices for Acute Respiratory Failure Patients in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2016 Sep 22.

Koo KK, Choong K, Cook DJ, Herridge M, Newman A, Lo V, Guyatt G, Priestap F, Campbell E, Burns KE, Lamontagne F, Meade MO; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.. Early mobilization of critically ill adults: a survey of knowledge, perceptions and practices of Canadian physicians and physiotherapists. CMAJ Open. 2016 Aug 18;4(3):E448-E454.

Wieczorek B, Ascenzi J, Kim Y, Lenker H, Potter C, Shata NJ, Mitchell L, Haut C, Berkowitz I, Pidcock F, Hoch J, Malamed C, Kravitz T, Kudchadkar SR. PICU Up!: Impact of a Quality Improvement Intervention to Promote Early Mobilization in Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016 Oct 10.

Taito S, Sanui M, Yasuda H, Shime N, Lefor AK; Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) Clinical Trial Group.. Current rehabilitation practices in intensive care units: a preliminary survey by the Japanese Society of Education for Physicians and Trainees in Intensive Care (JSEPTIC) Clinical Trial Group. J Intensive Care. 2016 Oct 28;4:66.

Rocca A, Pignat JM, Berney L, Jöhr J, Van de Ville D, Daniel RT, Levivier M, Hirt L, Luft AR, Grouzmann E, Diserens K. Sympathetic activity and early mobilization in patients in intensive and intermediate care with severe brain injuries: a preliminary prospective randomized study. BMC Neurol. 2016 Sep 13;16:169.

McDowell K, O'Neill B, Blackwood B, Clarke C, Gardner E, Johnston P, Kelly M, McCaffrey J, Mullan B, Murphy S, Trinder TJ, Lavery G, McAuley DF, Bradley JM. Effectiveness of an exercise programme on physical function in patients discharged from hospital following critical illness: a randomised controlled trial (the REVIVE trial). Thorax. 2016 Nov 15. pii: thoraxjnl-2016-208723.

Mehrholz J, Thomas S, Burridge JH, Schmidt A, Scheffler B, Schellin R, Rückriem S, Meißner D, Mehrholz K, Sauter W, Bodechtel U, Elsner B. Fitness and mobility training in patients with Intensive Care Unit-acquired muscle weakness (FITonICU): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Nov 24;17(1):559

Munshi L, Kobayashi T, DeBacker J, Doobay R, Telesnicki T, Lo V, Cote N, Cypel M, Keshavjee S, Ferguson ND, Fan E. Intensive Care Physiotherapy during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Nov 29

Engström J, Bruno E, Reinius H, Fröjd C, Jonsson H, Sannervik J, Larsson A. Physiological changes associated with routine nursing procedures in critically ill are common: an observational pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 Jan;61(1):62-72.

Parry SM, Remedios L, Denehy L, Knight LD, Beach L, Rollinson TC, Berney S, Puthucheary ZA, Morris P, Granger CL. What factors affect implementation of early rehabilitation into intensive care unit practice? A qualitative study with clinicians. J Crit Care. 2016 Nov 12;38:137-143.

Lai CC, Chou W, Chan KS, Cheng KC, Yuan KS, Chao CM, Chen CM. Early Mobilization Reduces Duration of Mechanical Ventilation and Intensive Care Unit Stay in Patients in Acute Respiratory Failure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Dec 12.

Murakami FM, Yamaguti WP, Onoue MA, Mendes JM, Pedrosa RS, Maida AL, Kondo CS, de Salles IC, de Brito CM, Rodrigues MK. Functional evolution of critically ill patients undergoing an early rehabilitation protocol. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2015 Apr-Jun;27(2):161-9

Ali R, Cornelius PJ, Herasevich V, Gajic O, Kashyap R. Effect of daily use of electronic checklist on physical rehabilitation consultations in critically ill patients. J Crit Care. 2016 Dec 22.

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Højskov IE, Moons P, Hansen NV, Greve H, Olsen DB, Cour SL, Glud C, Winkel P, Lindschou J, Egerod I, Christensen AV, Berg SK. Early physical training and psycho-educational intervention for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The SheppHeart randomized 2 × 2 factorial clinical pilot trial. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016 Oct;15(6):425-37.

Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, Ajami D, McCaughan M, Obrovac K, Murphy C, Camposilvan L, Herridge MS, Koo KK, Rudkowski J, Seely AJ, Zanni JM, Mourtzakis M, Piraino T, Cook DJ; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.. TryCYCLE: A Prospective Study of the Safety and Feasibility of Early In-Bed Cycling in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 28;11(12):e0167561

Nievera RA, Fick A, Harris HK. Effects of Ambulation and Nondependent Transfers on Vital Signs in Patients Receiving Norepinephrine. Am J Crit Care. 2016 Dec;26(1):31-36.

Agmon M, Zisberg A, Gil E, Rand D, Gur-Yaish N, Azriel M. Association Between 900 Steps a Day and Functional Decline in Older Hospitalized Patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Dec 5.

van Willigen Z, Collings N, Richardson D, Cusack R. Quality improvement: The delivery of true early mobilisation in an intensive care unit. BMJ Qual Improv Rep. 2016 Dec 30;5(1).

Messer A, Comer L, Forst S. Implementation of a Progressive Mobilization Program in a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2015 Oct;35(5):28-42.

Wollersheim T, Haas K, Wolf S, Mai K, Spies C, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Wernecke KD, Spranger J, Weber-Carstens S. Whole-body vibration to prevent intensive care unit-acquired weakness: safety, feasibility, and metabolic response. Crit Care. 2017 Jan 9;21(1):9.

Kawaguchi YM, Nawa RK, Figueiredo TB, Martins L, Pires-Neto RC. Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score and ICU Mobility Scale: translation into Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil. J Bras Pneumol. 2016 Nov-Dec;42(6):429-434.

Barnes-Daly MA, Phillips G, Ely EW. Improving Hospital Survival and Reducing Brain Dysfunction at Seven California Community Hospitals: Implementing PAD Guidelines Via the ABCDEF Bundle in 6,064 Patients. Crit Care Med. 2017 Feb;45(2):171-178.

Kram SL, DiBartolo MC, Hinderer K, Jones RA. Implementation of the ABCDE Bundle to Improve Patient Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit in a Rural Community Hospital. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2015 Sep-Oct;34(5):250-8

Ely EW. The ABCDEF Bundle: Science and Philosophy of How ICU Liberation Serves Patients and Families. Crit Care Med. 2017 Feb;45(2):321-330

Gruther W, Pieber K, Steiner I, Hein C, Hiesmayr JM, Paternostro-Sluga T. Can Early Rehabilitation on the General Ward After an Intensive Care Unit Stay Reduce Hospital Length of Stay in Survivors of Critical Illness?: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Feb 8. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000718.

Kumble S, Zink EK, Burch M, Deluzio S, Stevens RD, Bahouth MN. Physiological Effects of Early Incremental Mobilization of a Patient with Acute Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhage Requiring Dual External Ventricular Drainage. Neurocrit Care. 2017 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0376-9.

Hunter OO, George EL, Ren D, Morgan D, Rosenzweig M, Klinefelter Tuite P. Overcoming nursing barriers to intensive care unit early mobilisation: A quality improvement project. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Feb 9.

Reames CD, Price DM, King EA, Dickinson S. Mobilizing Patients Along the Continuum of Critical Care. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2016 Jan-Feb;35(1):10-5.

Maffei P, Wiramus S, Bensoussan L, Bienvenu L, Haddad E, Morange S, Fathallah M, Hardwigsen J, Viton JM, Le Treut YP, Albanese J, Gregoire E. Intensive early rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit for liver transplant recipients: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Mar 6. pii: S0003-9993(17)30135-1.

Deng H, Chen J, Li F, Li-Tsang CW, Liu Q, Ma X, Ao M, Chen N, Zhou Y, Zhong X, Chen Z, Cao L, He G, Wu J. Effects of mobility training on severe burn patients in the BICU: A retrospective cohort study. Burns. 2016 Nov;42(7):1404-1412.

Hester JM, Guin PR, Danek GD, Thomas JR, Titsworth WL, Reed RK, Vasilopoulos T, Fahy BG. The Economic and Clinical Impact of Sustained Use of a Progressive Mobility Program in a Neuro-ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Mar 21.

Cui LR, LaPorte M, Civitello M, Stanger M, Orringer M, Casey F 3rd, Kuch BA, Beers SR, Valenta CA, Kochanek PM, Houtrow AJ, Fink EL. Physical and occupational therapy utilization in a pediatric intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2017 Mar 7;40:15-20

Boden I, Browning L, Skinner EH, Reeve J, El-Ansary D, Robertson IK, Denehy L. The LIPPSMAck POP (Lung Infection Prevention Post Surgery - Major Abdominal - with Pre-Operative Physiotherapy) trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Dec 15;16:573

Ma AJ, Rawat N, Reiter A, Shrock C, Zhan A, Stone A, Rabiee A, Griffin S, Needham DM, Saria S. Measuring Patient Mobility in the ICU Using a Novel Noninvasive Sensor. Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr;45(4):630-636

Jeong IC, Bychkov D, Hiser S, Kreif J, Klein L, Hoyer E, Searson P. Using a Real Time Location System for Assessment of Patient Ambulation in a Hospital Setting. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Mar 9

Kimawi I, Lamberjack B, Nelliot A, Toonstra AL, Zanni J, Huang M, Mantheiy E, Kho ME, Needham DM. Safety and Feasibility of a Protocolized Approach to In-Bed Cycling Exercise in the Intensive Care Unit: Quality Improvement Project. Phys Ther. 2017 Mar 31.

Forestieri P, Guizilini S, Peres M, Bublitz C, Bolzan DW, Rocco IS, Santos VB, Moreira RS, Breda JR, Almeida DR, Carvalho AC, Arena R, Gomes WJ. A Cycle Ergometer Exercise Program Improves Exercise Capacity and Inspiratory Muscle Function in Hospitalized Patients Awaiting Heart Transplantation: a Pilot Study. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Sep-Oct;31(5):389-395

Bartolo M, Bargellesi S, Castioni CA, Bonaiuti D; Intensive Care and Neurorehabilitation Italian Study Group., Antenucci R, Benedetti A, Capuzzo V, Gamna F, Radeschi G, Citerio G, Colombo C, Del Casale L, Recubini E, Toska S, Zanello M, D'Aurizio C, Spina T, Del Gaudio A, Di Rienzo F, Intiso D, Dallocchio G, Felisatti G, Lavezzi S, Zoppellari R, Gariboldi V, Lorini L, Melizza G, Molinero G, Mandalà G, Pignataro A, Montis A, Napoleone A, Pilia F, Pisu M, Semerjian M, Pagliaro G, Nardin L, Scarponi F, Zampolini M, Zava R, Massetti MA, Piccolini C, Aloj F, Antonelli S, Zucchella C. Early rehabilitation for severe acquired brain injury in intensive care unit: multicenter observational study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Feb;52(1):90-100.

Brissie MA, Zomorodi M, Soares-Sardinha S, Jordan JD. Development of a neuro early mobilization protocol for use in a neuroscience intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Apr 27

Ross K, Heiny E, Conner S, Spener P, Pineda R. Occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech-language pathology in the neonatal intensive care unit: Patterns of therapy usage in a level IV NICU. Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Apr 3;64:108-117

McGarrigle L, Caunt J. Physical Therapist-Led Ambulatory Rehabilitation for Patients Receiving CentriMag Short-Term Ventricular Assist Device Support: Retrospective Case Series. Phys Ther. 2016 Dec;96(12):1865-1873

Anekwe DE, Koo KK, de Marchie M, Goldberg P, Jayaraman D, Spahija J. Interprofessional Survey of Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients in Montreal, Canada. J Intensive Care Med. 2017

Costa DK, White M, Ginier E, Manojlovich M, Govindan S, Iwashyna TJ, Sales AE. Identifying barriers to delivering the ABCDE bundle to minimize adverse outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients: A systematic review. Chest. 2017 Apr 21.

Karadas C, Ozdemir L. The effect of range of motion exercises on delirium prevention among patients aged 65 and over in intensive care units. Geriatr Nurs. 2016 May-Jun;37(3):180-5

Sommers J, Wieferink DC, Dongelmans DA, Nollet F, Engelbert RHH, van der Schaaf M. Body weight-supported bedside treadmill training facilitates ambulation in ICU patients: An interventional proof of concept study. J Crit Care. 2017 May 13;41:150-155

Machado ADS, Pires-Neto RC, Carvalho MTX, Soares JC, Cardoso DM, Albuquerque IM. Effects that passive cycling exercise have on muscle strength, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Bras Pneumol. 2017 Mar-Apr;43(2):134-139.

Hassan A, Rajamani A, Fitzsimons F. The MOVIN' project (Mobilisation Of Ventilated Intensive care patients at Nepean): A quality improvement project based on the principles of knowledge translation to promote nurse-led mobilisation of critically ill ventilated patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 May 25.

Coughenour, E. T.; Salmans, K. J.; Skoch, A. D.; Starks, L. L.; Sabus, C. Achieving a Culture of Mobility: Implementation of a Mobility Aide Program to Increase Patient Mobilizations in an Acute Care Hospital. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy 2017: 8(3): 86-95.

Akoumianaki E, Dousse N, Lyazidi A, Lefebvre JC, Graf S, Cordioli RL, Rey N, Richard JM, Brochard L. Can proportional ventilation modes facilitate exercise in critically ill patients? A physiological cross-over study : Pressure support versus proportional ventilation during lower limb exercise in ventilated critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2017 Dec;7(1):64.

Roth C, Stitz H, Kleffmann J, Kaestner S, Deinsberger W, Ferbert A, Gehling M. Early Physiotherapy by Passive Range of Motion Does Not Affect Partial Brain Tissue Oxygenation in Neurocritical Care Patients. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2017 Jan;78(1):42-45.

Sigera PC, Tunpattu TM, Jayashantha TP, De Silva AP, Athapattu PL, Dondorp A, Haniffa R. National Profile of Physical Therapists in Critical Care Units of Sri Lanka: Lower Middle-Income Country. Phys Ther. 2016 Jul;96(7):933-9

Johnson K, Petti J, Olson A, Custer T. Identifying barriers to early mobilisation among mechanically ventilated patients in a trauma intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Jul 22.

Moyer M, Young B, Wilensky EM, Borst J, Pino W, Hart M, LoBreglio J, Zaleski D, Leonor I, Kung D, Smith M, Zager E, Grady MS, Kumar M. Implementation of an Early Mobility Pathway in Neurointensive Care Unit Patients With External Ventricular Devices. J Neurosci Nurs. 2017 Apr;49(2):102-107

Weeks A, Campbell C, Rajendram P, Shi W, Voigt L. A Descriptive Report of Early Mobilization for Critically Ill Ventilated Patients with Cancer. Rehabil Oncol. 2017 Jul;35(3):144-150

Connolly BA, Mortimore JL, Douiri A, Rose JW, Hart N, Berney SC. Low Levels of Physical Activity During Critical Illness and Weaning: The Evidence-Reality Gap. J Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan 1:885066617716377

Curtis L, Irwin J. Ambulation of patients who are mechanically ventilated: nurses' views. Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2017 Jun 29;24(4):34-39

Grammatopoulou E, Charmpas TN, Strati EG, Nikolaos T, Evagelodimou A, Vlassia Belimpasaki, Skordilis EK. The scope of physiotherapy services provided in public ICUs in Greece: A pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017 Feb;33(2):138-146

Mathur, Sunita; Rodrigues, Nicole; Mendes, Polyana; Rozenberg, Dmitry; Singer, Lianne G., Computed Tomography–Derived Thoracic Muscle Size as an Indicator of Sarcopenia in People With Advanced Lung Disease. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal: July 2017 - Volume 28 - Issue 3 - p 99–105

Kamdar BB, Kadden DJ, Vangala S, Elashoff DA, Ong MK, Martin JL, Needham DM. Feasibility of Continuous Actigraphy in Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Am J Crit Care. 2017 Jul;26(4):329-335

Wright SE, Thomas K, Watson G, Baker C, Bryant A, Chadwick TJ, Shen J, Wood R, Wilkinson J, Mansfield L, Stafford V, Wade C, Furneval J, Henderson A, Hugill K, Howard P, Roy A, Bonner S, Baudouin S. Intensive versus standard physical rehabilitation therapy in the critically ill (EPICC): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2017 Aug 5. pii: thoraxjnl-2016-209858.

Dong Z, Yu B, Zhang Q, Pei H, Xing J, Fang W, Sun Y, Song Z. Early Rehabilitation Therapy Is Beneficial for Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Int Heart J. 2016;57(2):241-6. doi: 10.1536/ihj.15-316

Liu B, Almaawiy U, Moore JE, Chan WH, Straus SE; MOVE ON Team. Evaluation of a multisite educational intervention to improve mobilization of older patients in hospital: protocol for mobilization of vulnerable elders in Ontario (MOVE ON). Implement Sci. 2013 Jul 3;8:76. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-76

Choong K, Awladthani S, Khawaji A, Clark H, Borhan A, Cheng J, Laskey S, Neu C, Sarti A, Thabane L, Timmons BW, Zheng K, Al-Harbi S; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Early Exercise in Critically Ill Youth and Children, a Preliminary Evaluation: The wEECYCLE Pilot Trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017 Sep 15. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001329

Sibilla A, Nydahl P, Greco N, Mungo G, Ott N, Unger I, Rezek S, Gemperle S, Needham DM, Kudchadkar SR. Mobilization of Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Switzerland. J Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan 1:885066617728486.

Pinheiro TT, de Freitas FGR, Coimbra KTF, Mendez VMF, Rossetti HB, Talma PV, Bafi AT, Machado FR. Short-term effects of passive mobilization on the sublingual microcirculation and on the systemic circulation in patients with septic shock. Ann Intensive Care. 2017 Sep 8;7(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s13613-017-0318-x.

França EE, Ribeiro LC, Lamenha GG, Magalhães IK, Figueiredo TG, Costa MJ, Elihimas UF Júnior, Feitosa BL, Andrade MD, Correia MA Júnior, Ramos FF, Castro CM. Oxidative stress and immune system analysis after cycle ergometer use in critical patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2017 Mar;72(3):143-149

Wells CL, Forrester J, Vogel J, Rector R, Tabatabai A, Herr D. Safety and Feasibility of Early Physical Therapy for Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator: University of Maryland Medical Center Experience. Crit Care Med. 2017 Oct 19. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002770.

Conradie E, Fourie CE, Hanekom SD. Investigating the clinical feasibility of an adapted early mobility readiness protocol for critical ill patients: A non-randomised experimental pilot trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Oct;42:44-50

Betters KA, Hebbar KB, Farthing D, Griego B, Easley T, Turman H, Perrino L, Sparacino S, deAlmeida ML. Development and implementation of an early mobility program for mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. J Crit Care. 2017 Oct;41:303-308

Nickels MR, Aitken LM, Walsham J, Barnett AG, McPhail SM. Critical Care Cycling Study (CYCLIST) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of usual care plus additional in-bed cycling sessions versus usual care in the critically ill. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 22;7(10):e017393

Bartolo M, Bargellesi S, Castioni CA, Intiso D, Fontana A, Copetti M, Scarponi F, Bonaiuti D; Intensive Care and Neurorehabilitation Italian Study Group. Mobilization in early rehabilitation in intensive care unit patients with severe acquired brain injury: An observational study. J Rehabil Med. 2017 Nov 21;49(9):715-722

Cunningham C, Finlayson HC, Henderson WR, O'Connor RJ, Travlos A. Impact of Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy in Rehabilitation: A Prospective Observational Study. PM R. 2017 Oct 18. pii: S1934-1482(17)30079-5

Reiter A, Ma A, Rawat N, Shrock C, Saria S. Process Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: Assessing Patient Mobility Through Activity Analysis with a Non-Invasive Mobility Sensor. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2016 Oct;9900:482-490

Hoyer EH, Young DL, Klein LM, Kreif J, Shumock K, Hiser S, Friedman M, Lavezza A, Jette A, Chan KS, Needham DM. Toward a Common Language for Measuring Patient Mobility in the Hospital: Reliability and Construct Validity of interprofessional Mobility Measures. Phys Ther. 2017 Nov 2. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzx110

Deluzio S, Vora I, Kumble S, Zink EK, Stevens RD, Bahouth MN. Feasibility of early, motor assisted upper extremity cycle ergometry in critically ill neurological patients with upper extremity weakness and variable cognitive status: a case series. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Oct 31. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000857.

McWilliams D, Jones C, Atkins G, Hodson J, Whitehouse T, Veenith T, Reeves E, Cooper L, Snelson C. Earlier and enhanced rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated patients in critical care: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. J Crit Care. 2018 Jan 4;44:407-412

Wegner S, Thomas P, James C. Hydrotherapy for the long-term ventilated patient: A case study and implications for practice. Aust Crit Care. 2017 Nov;30(6):328-331

Nardelli P, Powers R, Cope TC, Rich MM. Increasing motor neuron excitability to treat weakness in sepsis. Ann Neurol. 2017 Dec;82(6):961-971

Boyd J, Paratz J, Tronstad O, Caruana L, McCormack P, Walsh J. When is it safe to exercise mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit? An evaluation of consensus recommendations in a cardiothoracic setting. Heart Lung. 2017 Dec 12. pii: S0147-9563(17)30331-X

Joyce CL, Taipe C, Sobin B, Spadaro M, Gutwirth B, Elgin L, Silver G, Greenwald BM, Traube C. Provider Beliefs Regarding Early Mobilization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatr Nurs. 2017 Oct 14;38:15-19

Nydahl P, Wilkens S, Glase S, Mohr LM, Richter P, Klarmann S, Perme CS, Nawa RK (2017): The German translation of the Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score and inter-rater reliability between physiotherapists and nurses, European Journal of Physiotherapy, DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1401660

Kroll RR, McKenzie ED, Boyd JG, Sheth P, Howes D, Wood M, Maslove DM; WEARable Information Technology for hospital INpatients (WEARIT-IN) study group. Use of wearable devices for post-discharge monitoring of ICU patients: a feasibility study. J Intensive Care. 2017 Nov 21;5:64

Hatheway OL, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Frailty affects the initial treatment response and time to recovery of mobility in acutely ill older adults admitted to hospital. Age Ageing. 2017 Nov 1;46(6):920-925

Klein KE, Bena JF, Mulkey M, Albert NM. Sustainability of a nurse-driven early progressive mobility protocol and patient clinical and psychological health outcomes and in a neurological intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2018 Jan 31.

Ringdal M, Warren Stomberg M, Egnell K, Wennberg E, Zätterman R, Rylander C. In-bed cycling in the ICU; patient safety and recollections with motivational effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018 Jan 18.

Goddard SL, Lorencatto F, Koo E, Rose L, Fan E, Kho ME, Needham DM, Rubenfeld GD, Francis JJ, Cuthbertson BH. Barriers and facilitators to early rehabilitation in mechanically ventilated patients-a theory-driven interview study. J Intensive Care. 2018 Jan 23;6:4

Miura S, Wieczorek B, Lenker H, Kudchadkar SR; PICU Up! Early Mobilization Task Force. Normal Baseline Function Is Associated With Delayed Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Children. J Intensive Care Med. 2018 Jan 1:885066618754507

Yelnik AP, Quintaine V, Andriantsifanetra C, Wannepain M, Reiner P, Marnef H, Evrard M, Meseguer E, Devailly JP, Lozano M, Lamy C, Colle F, Vicaut E; AMOBES Group. AMOBES (Active Mobility Very Early After Stroke): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke. 2017 Feb;48(2):400-405

Connolly B, Maddocks M, MacBean V, Bernal W, Hart N, Hopkins P, Rafferty GF. Non-volitional assessment of tibialis anterior force and architecture during critical illness. Muscle Nerve. 2017 Dec 20.

Liu K, Ogura T, Takahashi K, Nakamura M, Ohtake H, Fujiduka K, Abe E, Oosaki H, Miyazaki D, Suzuki H, Nishikimi M, Lefor AK, Mato T. The safety of a novel early mobilization protocol conducted by ICU physicians: a prospective observational study. J Intensive Care. 2018 Feb 20;6:10

Baldwin CE, Johnston KN, Rowlands AV, Williams MT. Physical Activity of ICU Survivors during Acute Admission: Agreement of the activPAL with Observation. Physiother Can. 2018;70(1):57-63

Shears et al. Assessing frailty in the intensive care unit: A reliability and validity study. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.02.004

Choong K, Fraser D, Al-Harbi S, Borham A, Cameron J, Cameron S, Cheng J, Clark H, Doherty T, Fayed N, Gorter JW, Herridge M, Khetani M, Menon K, Seabrook J, Simpson R, Thabane L. Functional Recovery in Critically Ill Children, the "WeeCover" Multicenter Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018 Feb;19(2):145-154

Sawada Y, Sasabuchi Y, Nakahara Y, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Haga N, Yasunaga H. Early Rehabilitation and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Am J Crit Care. 2018 Mar;27(2):97-103.

Bahouth MN, Power MC, Zink EK, Kozeniewski K, Kumble S, Deluzio S, Urrutia VC, Stevens RD. Safety and feasibility of a neuroscience critical care program to mobilize patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Mar 23

Katijjahbe MA, Granger CL, Denehy L, Royse A, Royse C, Bates R, Logie S, Nur Ayub MA, Clarke S, El-Ansary D. Standard restrictive sternal precautions and modified sternal precautions had similar effects in people after cardiac surgery via median sternotomy ('SMART' Trial): a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2018 Mar 27. pii: S1836-9553(18)30020-1

Chan KS, Mourtzakis M, Aronson Friedman L, Dinglas VD, Hough CL, Ely EW, Morris PE, Hopkins RO, Needham DM; with the National Institutes of Health NHLBI ARDS Network. Upper arm anthropometrics versus DXA scan in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr;72(4):613-617

Hayes K, Hodgson CL, Pellegrino VA, Snell G, Tarrant B, Fuller LM, Holland AE. Physical Function in Subjects Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Before or After Lung Transplantation. Respir Care. 2018 Feb;63(2):194-202

Silveira LTYD, Silva JMD, Soler JMP, Sun CYL, Tanaka C, Fu C. Assessing functional status after intensive care unit stay: the Barthel Index and the Katz Index. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018 Jan 27.

Ferrante LE, Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Gahbauer EA, Leo-Summers LS, Gill TM. The Association of Frailty with Post-ICU Disability, Nursing Home Admission, and Mortality: a Longitudinal Study. Chest. 2018 Mar 17.

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Connolly B, MacBean V, Crowley C, Lunt A, Moxham J, Rafferty GF, Hart N. Ultrasound for the Assessment of Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Architecture in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review. Crit Care Med. 2014 Dec 31.

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Cameron S, Ball I, Cepinskas G, Choong K, Doherty TJ, Ellis CG, Martin CM, Mele TS, Sharpe M, Shoemaker JK, Fraser DD. Early mobilization in the critical care unit: A review of adult and pediatric literature. J Crit Care. 2015 Aug;30(4):664-672.

Connolly B, Salisbury L, O'Neill B, Geneen L, Douiri A, Grocott MP, Hart N, Walsh TS, Blackwood B; ERACIP Group. Exercise rehabilitation following intensive care unit discharge for recovery from critical illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 22;6:CD008632.

Blackwood B, Marshall J, Rose L. Progress on core outcome sets for critical care research. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015 Aug 8.

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Sosnowski K, Lin F, Mitchell ML, White H. Early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit: An integrative literature review. Aust Crit Care. 2015 Jul 1

Puthucheary ZA, Denehy L. Exercise Interventions in Critical Illness Survivors: Understanding Inclusion and Stratification Criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun 15;191(12):1464-7.

Liu Z, Tao X, Chen Y, Fan Z, Li Y. Bed rest versus early ambulation with standard anticoagulation in the management of deep vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 10;10(4):e0121388.

Nyberg A, Saey D, Maltais F. Why and How Limb Muscle Mass and Function Should Be Measured in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 Sep;12(9):1269-77.

Jones CA, Roop SC, Pohar SL, Albrecht L, Scott SD. Translating knowledge in rehabilitation: systematic review. Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;95(4):663-77.

Castro-Avila AC, Serón P, Fan E, Gaete M, Mickan S. Effect of Early Rehabilitation during Intensive Care Unit Stay on Functional Status: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 1;10(7):e0130722.

Prince D Hsieh J. Early Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. September 2015, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp 214-221

Laurent H, Aubreton S, Richard R, Gorce Y, Caron E, Vallat A, Davin AM, Constantin JM, Coudeyre E. Systematic review of early exercise in intensive care: a qualitative approach. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2015 Dec 4.

Govindan S, Iwashyna TJ, Odden A, Flanders SA, Chopra V. Mobilization in severe sepsis: an integrative review. J Hosp Med. 2015 Jan;10(1):54-9

Dubb R, Nydahl P, Hermes C, Schwabbauer N, Toonstra A, Parker AM, Kaltwasser A, Needham DM. Barriers and Strategies for Early Mobilization of Patients in Intensive Care Units. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Feb 1

Warnock L, Gates A. Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Dec 21;12:CD001401.

Yamato TP, Maher CG, Saragiotto BT, Hoffmann TC, Moseley AM. How completely are physiotherapy interventions described in reports of randomised trials? Physiotherapy. 2016 Mar 12.

Hashem MD, Nelliot A, Needham DM. Early Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the ICU: Moving Back to the Future. Respir Care. 2016 Apr 19. pii: respcare.04741.

Essery R, Geraghty AW, Kirby S, Yardley L. Predictors of adherence to home-based physical therapies: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Apr 21:1-16.

Green et al. Mobilization of intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Dovo press

Callahan LA, Supinski GS. Early Mobilization in the ICU: Help or Hype? Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun;44(6):1239-40.

Hodgson CL, Iwashyna TJ, Schweickert WD. All That Work and No Gain: What Should We Do to Restore Physical Function in Our Survivors? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 May 15;193(10):1071-2.

Greysen SR. Activating Hospitalized Older Patients to Confront the Epidemic of Low Mobility. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 May 31

Hodgson CL, Fan E. Better Measures, Better Trials, Better Outcomes in Survivors of Critical Illness. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun;44(6):1254-5.

Brian M. Wong and Gail M. Sullivan (2016) How to Write Up Your Quality Improvement Initiatives for Publication. Journal of Graduate Medical Education: May 2016, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 128-133.

Armijo-Olivo S, Fuentes J, da Costa BR, Saltaji H, Ha C, Cummings GG. Blinding in Physical Therapy Trials and Its Association with Treatment Effects: A Meta-epidemiological Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 May 4.

Skinner EJ: A randomised trial of an intensive physiotherapy program for patients in intensive care. Journal of Physiotherapy, 2016

Connolly B, O'Neill B, Salisbury L, McDowell K, Blackwood B; Enhanced Recovery After Critical Illness Programme Group. Physical rehabilitation interventions for adult patients with critical illness across the continuum of recovery: an overview of systematic reviews protocol. Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 29;4:130

Portela MC, Pronovost PJ, Woodcock T, Carter P, Dixon-Woods M. How to study improvement interventions: a brief overview of possible study types. Postgrad Med J. 2015 Jun;91(1076):343-54.

Lee H, Ko YJ, Jung J, Choi AJ, Suh GY, Chung CR. Monitoring of Potential Safety Events and Vital Signs during Active Mobilization of Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Blood Purif. 2016;42(1):83-90.

Hashem MD, Nelliot A, Needham DM. Early Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the ICU: Moving Back to the Future. Respir Care. 2016 Jul;61(7):971-9

Hough CL. The Science of Intensive Care Unit Mobility and Growing Reeds. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Jun;13(6):775-6

Schmidt UH, Knecht L, MacIntyre NR. Should Early Mobilization Be Routine in Mechanically Ventilated Patients? Respir Care. 2016 Jun;61(6):867-75.

Dangayach NS, Smith M, Claassen J. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies in critical care: step by step in the right direction. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jul;42(7):1168-71.

Jette AM. Language Matters. Phys Ther. 2016 Jun;96(6):754-5.

Taito S, Shime N, Ota K, Yasuda H. Early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care. 2016 Jul 29;4:50.

Happ MB. The Power and Importance of Accommodation for Communication Impairment in the Intensive Care Unit. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Aug;13(8):1215-6.

Denehy L, Lanphere J, Needham DM. Ten reasons why ICU patients should be mobilized early. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Aug 25

Daniel M, Puxty A, Miles B. Making Quality Improvement Happen in the Real World: Building Capability and Improving Multiple Projects at the Same Time. BMJ Qual Improv Rep. 2016 Apr 7;5(1).

Hashem MD, Parker AM, Needham DM. Early Mobilization and Rehabilitation of Patients Who Are Critically Ill. Chest. 2016 Sep;150(3):722-31

Tipping CJ, Harrold M, Holland A, Romero L, Nisbet T, Hodgson CL. The effects of active mobilisation and rehabilitation in ICU on mortality and function: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Nov 18

Koopmans M, Vermei L, van Wieren A, Bruins N, de Jager CM, Christiaan Boerma E. Improvement in functional abilities at ICU discharge is feasible without prolongation of the length of stay ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Sep 29.

Bonnechère B, Jansen B, Omelina L, Van Sint Jan S. The use of commercial video games in rehabilitation: a systematic review. Int J Rehabil Res. 2016 Dec;39(4):277-290.

Quittan M. Aspects of physical medicine and rehabilitation in the treatment of deconditioned patients in the acute care setting: the role of skeletal muscle. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2016 Feb;166(1-2):28-38

Ramos Dos Santos PM, Aquaroni Ricci N, Aparecida Bordignon Suster É, de Moraes Paisani D, Dias Chiavegato L. Effects of early mobilisation in patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2017 Mar;103(1):1-12.

Nydahl P, Sricharoenchai T, Chandra S, Kundt FS, Huang M, Fischill M, Needham DM. Safety of Patient Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the ICU: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Feb 23. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201611-843SR.

Laurent H, Aubreton S, Richard R, Gorce Y, Caron E, Vallat A, Davin AM, Constantin JM, Coudeyre E. Systematic review of early exercise in intensive care: A qualitative approach. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016 Apr;35(2):133-49

Parry SM, Knight LD, Connolly B, Baldwin C, Puthucheary Z, Morris P, Mortimore J, Hart N, Denehy L, Granger CL. Factors influencing physical activity and rehabilitation in survivors of critical illness: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Feb 16.

Nydahl P, Sricharoenchai T, Chandra S, Kundt FS, Huang M, Fischill M, Needham DM. Safety of Patient Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 May;14(5):766-777

Morris PE, Montgomery-Yates A. Mastering the design for rehabilitation strategies in ICU survivors. Thorax. 2017 Apr 5

Polastri M, Loforte A, Dell'Amore A, Nava S. Physiotherapy for Patients on Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review. Physiother Res Int. 2016 Dec;21(4):203-209.

Zink EK, Geocadin RG. Progressive Mobility Program in a Neuro-ICU: What Makes It Different? Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun;45(6):1101-1102.

Weijs PJM. Protein nutrition and exercise survival kit for critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2017 Aug;23(4):279-283

Krapfl LA, Langin J, Pike CA, Pezzella P. Does Incremental Positioning (Weight Shifts) Reduce Pressure Injuries in Critical Care Patients? J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2017 Jul/Aug;44(4):319-323

Dunn H, Quinn L, Corbridge SJ, Eldeirawi K, Kapella M, Collins EG. Mobilization of prolonged mechanical ventilation patients: An integrative review. Heart Lung. 2017 Jul - Aug;46(4):221-233.

Yoshimura Y, Wakabayashi H, Yamada M, Kim H, Harada A, Arai H. Interventions for Treating Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Jun 1;18(6):553.e1-553.e16.

Weinreich M, Herman J, Dickason S, Mayo H. Occupational Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Occup Ther Health Care. 2017 Jul 10:1-9.

Muscedere J, Waters B, Varambally A, Bagshaw SM, Boyd JG, Maslove D, Sibley S, Rockwood K. The impact of frailty on intensive care unit outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Aug;43(8):1105-1122.

Parry SM, Nydahl P, Needham DM. Implementing early physical rehabilitation and mobilisation in the ICU: institutional, clinician, and patient considerations. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Aug 25. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4908-8

Martínez-Velilla N, Cadore L, Casas-Herrero Á, Idoate-Saralegui F, Izquierdo M. Physical Activity and Early Rehabilitation in Hospitalized Elderly Medical Patients: Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(7):738-51

Anderson JL, Green AJ, Yoward LS, Hall HK. Validity and reliability of accelerometry in identification of lying, sitting, standing or purposeful activity in adult hospital inpatients recovering from acute or critical illness: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2017 Aug 1:269215517724850.

Tsavourelou A, Stylianides N, Papadopoulos A, Dikaiakos MD, Nanas S, Kyprianoy T, Tokmakidis SP. Telerehabilitation Solution Conceptual Paper for Community-Based Exercise Rehabilitation of Patients Discharged After Critical Illness. Int J Telerehabil. 2016 Dec 15;8(2):61-70.

Bear DE, Wandrag L, Merriweather JL, Connolly B, Hart N, Grocott MPW; Enhanced Recovery After Critical Illness Programme Group (ERACIP) investigators. The role of nutritional support in the physical and functional recovery of critically ill patients: a narrative review. Crit Care. 2017 Aug 26;21(1):226.

Frontera WR, Bean JF, Damiano D, Ehrlich-Jones L, Fried-Oken M, Jette A, Jung R, Lieber RL, Malec JF, Mueller MJ, Ottenbacher KJ, Tansey KE, Thompson A. Rehabilitation Research at the National Institutes of Health: Moving the Field Forward (Executive Summary). Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Apr;96(4):211-220

Hopkins RO, Suchyta MR, Kamdar BB, Darowski E, Jackson JC, Needham DM. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living after Critical Illness: A Systematic Review. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Aug;14(8):1332-1343

Cuthbertson BH, Goddard S. Benefits and harms of early rehabilitation. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Aug 24. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4904-z.

McWilliams DJ. Reading between the lines, the key to successfully implementing early rehabilitation in critical care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Oct;42:5-7

Parry SM, Huang M, Needham DM. Evaluating physical functioning in critical care: considerations for clinical practice and research. Crit Care. 2017 Oct 4;21(1):249. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1827-6

Kondo Y, Fuke R, Hifumi T, Hatakeyama J, Takei T, Yamakawa K, Inoue S, Nishida O. Early rehabilitation for the prevention of postintensive care syndrome in critically ill patients: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e013828. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013828.

Roberson AR, Starkweather A, Grossman C, Acevedo E, Salyer J. Influence of muscle strength on early mobility in critically ill adult patients: Systematic literature review. Heart Lung. 2018 Jan - Feb;47(1):1-9.

Conceição TMAD, Gonzáles AI, Figueiredo FCXS, Vieira DSR, Bündchen DC. Safety criteria to start early mobilization in intensive care units. Systematic review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017 Oct-Dec;29(4):509-519

Fuest K, Schaller SJ. Recent evidence on early mobilization in critical-Ill patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018 Jan 17

Pugh RJ, Ellison A, Pye K, Subbe CP, Thorpe CM, Lone NI, Clegg A. Feasibility and reliability of frailty assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2018 Feb 26;22(1):49

Feetham L. The long road to recovery after the ICU. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 Mar;6(3):180-181.

Gittler M, Davis AM. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery. JAMA. 2018 Feb 27;319(8):820-821

Doiron KA, Hoffmann TC, Beller EM. Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 27;3:CD010754.

Vorona S, Sabatini U, Al-Maqbali S, Bertoni M, Dres M, Bissett B, Van Haren F, Martin AD, Urrea C, Brace D, Parotto M, Herridge MS, Adhikari NK, Fan E, Melo LT, Reid WD, Brochard LJ, Ferguson ND, Goligher EC. Inspiratory Muscle Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Mar 27

Hodgson CL, Capell E, Tipping CJ. Early Mobilization of Patients in Intensive Care: Organization, Communication and Safety Factors that Influence Translation into Clinical Practice. Crit Care. 2018 Mar 20;22(1):77.

Guidelines, Protocols and Consensus Statements

Nici L, Donner C, Wouters E, Zuwallack R, Ambrosino N, Bourbeau J, Carone M, Celli B, Engelen M, Fahy B, Garvey C, Goldstein R, Gosselink R, Lareau S, MacIntyre N, Maltais F, Morgan M, O'Donnell D, Prefault C, Reardon J, Rochester C, Schols A, Singh S, Troosters T; ATS/ERS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Writing Committee. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006

Gosselink R, Bott J, Johnson M et al. Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: Recommendations of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:1188-1199

Gosselink R, Bott J, Johnson M, Dean E, Nava S, Norrenberg M, Schönhofer B, Stiller K, van de Leur H, Vincent JL. Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Jul;34(7):1188-99.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE): Rehabilitation after critical illness. NICE Clinical Guideline No. 83, January 2009 http://www.nice.org.uk/CG83 UPDATE Sept. 2017: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs158

Australian Guideline Physical Activity and Movement: A Guideline for Critically Ill Adults, Nov. 2014

Hodgson CL, Stiller K, Needham DM, Tipping CJ, Harrold M, Baldwin CE, Bradley S, Berney S, Caruana LR, Elliott D, Green M, Haines K, Higgins AM, Kaukonen KM, Leditschke I, Nickels MR, Paratz J, Patman S, Skinner EH, Young PJ, Zanni JM, Denehy L, Webb SA. Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Crit Care. 2014 Dec 4;18(6):658

Hillegass E, Puthoff M, Frese EM, Thigpen M, Sobush DC, Auten B; Guideline Development Group. Role of Physical Therapists in the Management of Individuals at Risk for or Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. Phys Ther. 2015 Oct 29.

Slade SC, Dionne CE, Underwood M, Buchbinder R, Beck B, Bennell K, Brosseau L, Costa L, Cramp F, Cup E, Feehan L, Ferreira M, Forbes S, Glasziou P, Habets B, Harris S, Hay-Smith J, Hillier S, Hinman R, Holland A, Hondras M, Kelly G, Kent P, Lauret GJ, Long A, Maher C, Morso L, Osteras N, Peterson T, Quinlivan R, Rees K, Regnaux JP, Reitberg M, Saunders D, Skoetz N, Sogaard K, Takken T, van Tulder M, Voet N, Ward L, White C. Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT): A Modified Delphi Study. Phys Ther. 2016 May 5.

Bein T, Bischoff M, Brückner U, Gebhardt K, Henzler D, Hermes C, Lewandowski K, Max M, Nothacker M, Staudinger T, Tryba M, Weber-Carstens S, Wrigge H. S2e guideline: positioning and early mobilisation in prophylaxis or therapy of pulmonary disorders : Revision 2015: S2e guideline of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI). Anaesthesist. 2015 Dec;64 Suppl 1:1-26.

Major ME, Kwakman R, Kho ME, Connolly B, McWilliams D, Denehy L, Hanekom S, Patman S, Gosselink R, Jones C, Nollet F, Needham DM, Engelbert RH, van der Schaaf M. Surviving critical illness: what is next? An expert consensus statement on physical rehabilitation after hospital discharge. Crit Care. 2016 Oct 29;20(1):354.

Allaina Eden, Claire Purkiss, Gabriella Cork, Adam Baddeley, Kelly Morris, Leah Carey, Mike Brown, Laura McGarrigle, Samantha Kennedy. In-patient physiotherapy for adults on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation – United Kingdom ECMO Physiotherapy Network: A consensus agreement for best practice. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, June 2017

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